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Youth, Crime and Media MEP208

Youth, Crime and Media MEP208. 10. Surveillance, CCTV and media. Why so much surveillance?. Surveillance has two sides – to protect and to impose totalitarian rule (Lyon 1994) Also a mechanism through which government provides administration of welfare, health, security (Dandeker 1990)

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Youth, Crime and Media MEP208

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  1. Youth, Crime and MediaMEP208 10. Surveillance, CCTV and media

  2. Why so much surveillance? • Surveillance has two sides – to protect and to impose totalitarian rule (Lyon 1994) • Also a mechanism through which government provides administration of welfare, health, security (Dandeker 1990) • Tax collection, law enforcement and administration of justice all dependent on systems of storage and retrieval

  3. The Panopticon • Jeremy Bentham designed the total surveillance prison • Foucault (1975) extended the Panopticon model to other social institutions: hospitals, schools, factories • Surveillance is a form of power – enables the watchers to gaze over the watched – CCTV has vast disciplinary potential (Reeve 1998; Bannister et al 1998)

  4. How does CCTV reduce crime? (1) • Pervasive nature of CCTV in contemporary urban environments • Not one ‘Big Brother’ but lots of little brothers with different agendas (Norris and Armstrong 1998) • CCTV monitors everyday infringements as well as more serious crimes (e.g. Health and Safety and anti-smoking regs)

  5. How does CCTV reduce crime? (2) • At football stadia CCTV not only directed at disorder but even gestures and lip movements (Armstrong and Giulianotti 1998) • CCTV creates ‘fortress cities’ – it is used to police the boundaries between affluent and impoverished areas, High Street shops and cheaper markets

  6. Does CCTV really work? (1) • CCTV concentrates on urban street crimes – does this merely displace rather than deter criminal activities? • CCTV leads to ‘thinning of the mesh and widening of the net’ (Cohen 1985) – the criminalisation of previously unnoticed deviance and infractions of ever decreasing seriousness

  7. Does CCTV really work? (2) • Effectiveness depends on speed and quality of information flow • CCTV harbours discrimination – human targeting is based on crude indices of race, age, appearance and demeanour (Norris and Armstrong 1998) • CCTV leads to reduced police presence and decline in public confidence (Lustgarten 1986)

  8. Other surveillance technologies • Electronic tagging (Whitfield 2001) • Automatic licence plate identification • Digital face recognition systems • Development of ‘digital persona’ (used by National Football Intelligence Unit) • Cyber-surveillance • Body data: smart cards and chip implants

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