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WELCOME…

WELCOME…. CiTi VET. ITCHY PETS? SCRATCHING BENEATH THE SURFACE. Presented by : Dr. Peter van der Merwe. CiTi VET. WHAT IS ITCHINESS?. The desire to scratch, lick, rub, chew and nibble at skin surface in response to chemical stimulus.

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WELCOME…

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  1. WELCOME… CiTiVET

  2. ITCHY PETS? SCRATCHING BENEATH THESURFACE Presented by : Dr. Peter van derMerwe CiTiVET

  3. WHAT IS ITCHINESS? • The desire to scratch, lick, rub, chew and nibble at skin surface in response to chemical stimulus. • Itchiness causes discomfort and decreases pet’s quality of life. • “An itchy pet is an unhappy pet” • Usually living with a frustrated owner

  4. THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF ITCHING: • External parasites : • Fleas • Mange mites • Lice

  5. Common causes of itching • Allergies: • Atopy (hayfever) • Caused by interaction of abnormal • Skin barrier genes • Immune function genes • Exposure to allergens & pathogens • Allergens incl house dust, dust & storage mites, pollens, moulds • Characterised by initial seasonal occurrence & “flare ups” • Flea bite allergy • Abnormal response to flea saliva • Often worse in atopic individuals • Food • Itchy skin sometimes with digestive upsets • Usually non seasonal -> ears, rears, paws • Contact allergies • Very rare,

  6. Bacteria Skin infections • Staphylococcus • Streptococcus • Yeast (Malessia)

  7. WHAT HAPPENS TO THE SKIN? NORMAL SKIN

  8. NORMAL SKIN

  9. Inflamed skin

  10. Treatment Flea control • Adulticides on pet e.g Frontline, Advantage, Practic • Capstar • Enviromental control pyrethroids and methoprene • Sprays -> Flego, Ultrum Duration Treatment of mange mites • Revolution • Advocate • Amitraz dips such as Amitrax, Triatix Control skin infections • Bacteria – Anti bacterial shampoos and wipes • Antibiotics • Yeast – Shampoos • Anti Fungals (egKetazol)

  11. Treatment • Allergic skin disease • Atopy • Can’t be cured, only controlled • Multimodal approach is essential • First control parasite & microorganism infections • High quality diet especially fish based -> hypoallergenic formulations are best • Omega 3 supplementation • Barrier treatments • Allerderm – decreases secondary infections, less effect on itchiness • Shampoo – best is Allermyl but physical action of washing is most important, bath 1-2x weekly • Topical -> new cortisone spray Cortavance

  12. Treatment • Corticosteroids • Best given as short acting tablets eglenisilone • Many side effects including weight gain, urinary tract infections, increase risk of skin infections, decrease in bone and muscle strengths • Safe annual dose calculated as 30x dog’s body weight in milligrams of steroid i.e. 10 kg dog can take 300 mg of steroid over a year

  13. Treatment • Cyclosporin • New drug being launched today • Long term control not for use in controlling acute flare ups • Side effects • Very Expensive • Vomiting in approximately 30% of patients • Hriutism, gingival hyperplasia, urinary tract infections • Rare s/e unmasking systemic infections e.g. fungal infections and Toxoplasmosis • In humans may increase risk for lymphoma (cancer) – not proven in dogs

  14. Treatment • Antihistamines • Only work in 10% of patients • Generally safe and used with other treatments especially cortisone. • Main side effect is sedation but should be used with caution in animals with glaucoma, heart disease, urinary bladder problems

  15. Treatment • Immunotherapy • Based on blood tests of IgE levels • Problem ->approximately 30% of atopic dogs do not have raised IgE levels • Test does not indicate if raised IgE is causing symptoms, merely that IgE level is high • HOWEVER immunotherapy is the only treatment that allows us to reverse part of the pathology, works for majority of patients, reasonable cost

  16. Treatment • If all else fails • Gabbapentin -> acts on nerve endings • Maropitant (Cerenia) -> substance P • Pentoxfyline • Prayer

  17. Food Allergies • Diet trail essential for diagnosis, blood tests are inaccurate • Diagnosis confirmed by provocative exposure • List of common food allergens include • Beef, lamb, chicken • Soya • Maize, rice, wheat • avoid all protein treats, faeces (cat poop!!) • Commercial diet trail foods are superior to home cooked diets • Treatment -> avoid offending foods

  18. Acknowledgements • Thanks once again to all our client who continue to support us • Gennavan der Merwe • Tamsen Maritz • Royal Canin • Afrivet • Citivetstaff

  19. Questions?? • Itching to get answers??

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