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Magnetic Fields

Magnetic Fields. Forces, Magnetic Field Lines Electron Flow Left Hand Rule Right Hand Rule. Interactions of a Magnetic Field. Direction : the lines of magnetism start from the North Pole and return to the South Pole

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Magnetic Fields

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  1. Magnetic Fields Forces, Magnetic Field Lines Electron Flow Left Hand Rule Right Hand Rule

  2. Interactions of a Magnetic Field • Direction : the lines of magnetism start from the North Pole and return to the South Pole • Magnetic Flux Lines: these imaginary field lines show the direction of force within the field. The standard SI unit is a WEBER • Flux Density: the amount of force compared to the amount of current (I) in Amperes • Permeability : materials have the ability to concentrate the FLUX lines. The permeability of a VACUUM and AIR is one.

  3. German physicist Wilhelm Eduard Weber • A popular theory of magnetism considers the molecular alignment of the material. This is known as Weber's theory • A more modern theory of magnetism is based on the electron spin principle.

  4. Uses of the “Tesla Coil” • He went to the United States in 1884 and worked for American inventor Thomas Edison for a year before setting up his own workshop. For much of his time in the United States, Nikola Tesla worked with American industrialist George Westinghouse, who bought and successfully developed Tesla's patents, leading to the introduction of alternating current for power transmission

  5. Calculations of Magnetism • B = Force/Ampere-Meter or • B = Webers / Meter2 or • B = tesla* • The unit is named after Croatian-born American electrical engineer Nikola Tesla

  6. V is the Voltage Transformers N are the number turns in the coil p (primary) s (secondary) Vp = Np Vs Ns

  7. Transformer problem • The primary on transformer has 1200 turns. How many turns should the secondary have if the voltage changes from 220 volts to 110 volts? Vp = Np Vs Ns 220 = 1200 110Ns Ns = 600 Turns

  8. Left hand Rule The Left Hand Rule shows what happens when charged particles (such as electrons in a current) enter a magnetic field.

  9. Example question Electron Movement in Magnetic Fields on Paper • An electron enters a uniform magnetic Field Velocity = 6.0 x 10 7 meters per second The Flux density is 4.0 x 10 –2 tesla directed INTO the page

  10. Find Direction and Magnetic Force • Using the Left HAND RULE :thumb points electron’s Force Downward, Pointing Finger point moving Electron into the page, and the Magnetic Field lines into the page (X). • F = qvB = (1.6x 10 –19 C) (6.0 x 10 7 m/s) (4.0 x 10 –2 telsa) = 3.0 x 10 –13 N

  11. Single Wire Magnetic Field The Right Hand Rule, illustrated below, simply shows how a current-carrying wire generates a magnetic field.

  12. Loop wire Magnet (Single coil)

  13. Magnetic Coil with Solenoid Using the RIGHT HAND RULE

  14. Electric Motors

  15. Summary • Magnetic Force is a force that exists between charges in motion. • Electrons generate magnetic fields by their spin. • Permeability of magnetic materials change the flux density of the field • Left hand determines the direction of the field, force, and electron movement or when any charged particles enter a magnetic field. • Right hand rules how a current-carrying wire generates a magnetic field

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