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TRIVIA

TRIVIA. Chapter 7. MACHINE. TRIVIA. ROUND 1. MACHINE. Why do plants need both chloroplasts and mitochondria?. Chloroplasts needed to produce glucose from light energy; mitochondria needed to break down glucose to produce ATP. 0 9. 1 9. 1 8. 1 7. 1 6. 1 5. 1 4. 1 3. 1 2. 1 1. 1 0.

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TRIVIA

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  1. TRIVIA Chapter 7 MACHINE

  2. TRIVIA ROUND 1 MACHINE

  3. Why do plants need both chloroplasts and mitochondria? Chloroplasts needed to produce glucose from light energy; mitochondria needed to break down glucose to produce ATP 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  4. What is the major energy-containing product made in glycolysis that continues to be oxidized (broken down)? Pyruvate (2 for each glucose!) 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  5. After glycolysis, most cells will continue to break down glucose using which biochemical pathway? Aerobic respiration 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  6. What are the two most common types of fermentation? Lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  7. What kinds of organisms would an anaerobic pathway provide enough energy for? Some unicellular organisms (like bacteria or yeast); they have lower energy needs 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  8. Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic? Anaerobic – no oxygen is needed! 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  9. What gas is released in the process of converting pyruvate into acetyl CoA? Carbon dioxide 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  10. Describe the mitochondrial matrix. It’s the area inside the inner membrane of the mitochondria that contains enzymes that catalyze the reactions of the Krebs cycle. 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  11. What are the three steps of the transition reaction? Pyruvate combines with coenzyme A CO2 is released NAD+ is reduced to NADH + H+ 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  12. What’s the first major product made in the Krebs Cycle? Citric acid (The Krebs is also called The Citric Acid Cycle for this reason!) 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  13. What molecule temporarily stores the energy from food molecules for cells to use? adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  14. What kinds of organisms carry out cellular respiration? Both autotrophs and heterotrophs 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  15. What happens to the electrons when they reach the end of the ETC? They combine with oxygen and protons to form water. 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  16. What is cellular respiration? Process in which cells break down organic molecules to make ATP 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  17. Explain how water is a product of the ETC. Electrons from the ETC combine with protons flowing back into the matrix and oxygen. O2 + 4 e- + 4 H+ → 2 H2O 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  18. What happens in muscles that are exercised extensively in the absence of enough oxygen? Cells switch to lactic acid fermentation; lactic acid builds up in cells causing muscle soreness 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  19. How does the efficiency of cellular respiration compare to glycolysis alone? Cell respiration is 20 times more efficient. 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  20. What enzyme is necessary for chemiosmosis and ATP production to occur? ATP synthase 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  21. How many NADH are made in glycolysis? What are they used for in aerobic respiration? 2; they will donate electrons to the ETC 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  22. For every glucose molecule, the Krebs cycle must happen ______. twice 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  23. Where do the ATP molecule that are formed go? Diffuse out of the mitochondria into the cytosol for the cell to use. 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  24. What are the 3 steps of the Krebs cycle? Acetyl CoA (2C) + oxaloacetic acid (4C) → citric acid (6C) Citric acid converted into 5C compound: 1 CO2 is lost and 1 ATP is made 5C compound regenerates 4C oxaloacetic acid; 1 CO2 is lost, 3 NADH and 1 FADH2 are made 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  25. For every glucose molecule, the products of the Krebs are: 4 CO2, 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  26. What is the importance of fermentation? Regenerates NAD+ to keep glycolysis going 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  27. How many total NADH molecules are made in cellular respiration? Where are they made? 10! 2 from glycolysis, 2 from the transition reactions, and 6 from the Krebs 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  28. Where does the Krebs cycle take place in prokaryotes? In eukaryotes? Prokaryotes – cytosol Eukaryotes – mitochondrial matrix 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  29. What is the total efficiency of cellular respiration? 39% 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  30. What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration? 6 O2 + C6H12O6 + ADP + PO4- → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  31. For every NADH that is made, how many ATPs will be generated in the ETC? 3 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  32. Why is oxygen important in the ETC? It’s the final electron acceptor. 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  33. Describe how citric acid forms in the Krebs cycle. Acetyl-CoA (2C) combines with oxaloacetic acid (4C) to yield citric acid (6C) 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  34. What is the net yield of ATP in glycolysis? 2 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  35. Is fermentation aerobic or anaerobic? Anaerobic 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  36. Of the 38 ATPS, state where the ATPs are made in the process of cellular respiration and the numbers that are made in each process. Glycolysis = 2; Krebs cycle = 2; ETC = 34 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  37. What are the two main stages of cellular respiration? Glycolysis and aerobic respiration 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  38. What is glycolysis? Process in which glucose is converted into pyruvate producing a small amount of ATP and NADH 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  39. What are the major products of the Krebs and the ETC together? Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  40. What are the products of ONE turn of the Krebs? 2 CO2, 1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  41. How many ATPs are produced in cellular respiration? 38 ATPs 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  42. What gas produced during photosynthesis is necessary for the completion of cellular respiration in the ETC? oxygen 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  43. What molecules from the Krebs cycle donate electrons to the ETC? Is this oxidation or reduction? The 10 NADH and 2 FADH2; it’s oxidation (they’re losing electrons) 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  44. How many total ATPs are made in the ETC from all of the NADH produced in cellular respiration? 30 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  45. In which part of cellular respiration is most energy transferred to ATP? ETC 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  46. What are the steps of glycolysis? Phosphorylation of glucose to yield new 6C compound; 2 ATPS required Splitting of 6C compound to form 2 3C PGALS Oxidation of PGALS; phosphorylation of PGALS using 2 PO4- from cytosol to form 2 new 3C compounds; reduction of 2NAD+ to form 2 NADH and 2 H+ Removal of 4 PO4- from 2 3C compounds in step 3 to make pyruvate; 4 PO4- used to phosphorylate 4 ADPS making 4 ATPS 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  47. Does fermentation produce any ATP? No! 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  48. For every FADH2 that is made, how many ATPs will be generated in the ETC? 2 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  49. Where does glycolysis take place? In the cytosol 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

  50. How many ATPs are made in the ETC from the FADH2 produced in cellular respiration? 4 0 9 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 2 0 TIMER

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