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WHO definition of health

WHO definition of health. "Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." Mental health is an integral part of this definition. (Key-word - well-being).

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WHO definition of health

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  1. WHO definition of health "Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." Mental health is an integral part of this definition. • (Key-word - well-being)

  2. Mental health and well-being is more than the absence of mental disorders • Mental health can be conceptualized as a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community. • In this positive sense, mental health is the foundation for well-being and effective functioning for an individual and for a community. This core concept of mental health is consistent with its wide and varied interpretation across cultures. (Key word - effective functioning)

  3. Psychological Well-being • Self-acceptance – the capacity to see and accept one’s strengths and weaknesses. • Purpose in life – having goals and objectives that give life meaning and direction. • Personal growth – feeling that personal talents and potential are being realised over time. • Positive relations with others – having close, valued connections with significant others. • Environmental mastery – being able to manage the demands of everyday life. • Autonomy – having the strength to follow personal convictions, even if they go against conventional wisdom. Ryff CD and Singer B (1996) Psychological well-being: Meaning, Measurement and Implications for psychotherapy research. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 65:14-23

  4. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

  5. The basis of Maslow's theory Human beings are motivated by unsatisfied needs, and certain lower factors need to be satisfied before higher needs can be satisfied. According to Maslow, there are general types of needs (physiological, survival, safety, love, and esteem) that must be satisfied before a person can act unselfishly. He called these needs "deficiency needs." As long as we are motivated to satisfy these cravings, we are moving towards growth, toward self-actualization. Satisfying needs is healthy, while preventing gratification makes us sick or act evilly. Maslow's model indicates that fundamental, lower-order needs like safety and physiological requirements have to be satisfied in order to pursue higher-level motivators along the lines of self-fulfilment.

  6. Stress Stress occurs when the demands being placed upon a person tax or exceed available resources as appraised by the individual involved. Lazarus R, Folkman S, Stress, Appraisal and Coping. New York Springer Publishing Co. 1984

  7. Coping and resilience Psychological hardiness – commitment, control and challenge Commitment – is a sense of purpose and meaning in life’s events. Control - is the tendency to believe and act in a way that influences life’s events rather than feeling helpless when confronted with adversity. Challenge – is the belief that change, instead of stability is normal and that change is a stimulus to enhance maturity rather than a threat to security.

  8. Strategies for building commitment and reducing stress • Revise and rehearse what you would do the next time the specific stressful event happens. • Become actively involved rather than passively retreating. • Express yourself directly to the involved person(s). Explain and repeat your feelings and reasons. • Rework the situation in your mind.

  9. Strategies for building challenge and reducing stress. • Use interpersonal skills. Express yourself to another person who can intervene safely and effectively for you. • Look for ways to keep your perspective on the situation. Identify successes no matter how small. • Broaden the range of influence and concern beyond the specific work situation. Develop support systems. Join professional organisations. • Cultivate an objective, intellectual attitude. Emphasise what is realistic and objective.

  10. Practice Points • Behavioural activation - fake it till you can make it! • Facts versus feelings • 5 R’s Recognise, and accurately label emotions, Regulate and manage intense emotions, Reflect and Respond, don’t React • Choices and consequences. • Identify strengths and weaknesses - take an inventory. • Access appropriate support. • Anticipate, accept, acknowledge, affiliate.

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