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Basic Structures

This guide explores the foundational elements of structured programming in C/C++, focusing on sequences, decisions, and iterations. It covers how a computer executes instructions step-by-step, variable declarations, and function definitions. You'll learn about block structures that enclose related instructions and how to implement basic operations, such as user input and simple arithmetic. Additionally, practical examples demonstrate variable usage and control flow, providing a solid understanding of programming concepts essential for e-business and information systems.

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Basic Structures

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  1. Basic Structures • Structured Programming in C/C++ • sequence • decision/selection/testing • iteration/repetition/looping e-business and Information Systems

  2. Sequence //Do this instruction int iCount = 0; int iRow = 0; int iColumn = 0; e-business and Information Systems

  3. Sequence of Instructions Computer executes a sequence of instructions step-by-step from the top of the instruction and down. e-business and Information Systems

  4. Variable and Function Declarations //variable declarations int myCounter; int myIndex = 0; //function declarations int myFirst(); int mySecond(int x); void myThird(int, int); e-business and Information Systems

  5. Variable and Function //variable declarations int myCounter; int myIndex = 0; //function declarations int mySecond(int x); myCounter = 8; int iNumber = 2 * myCounter; int iSecondNumber = 7 + mySecond(5); e-business and Information Systems

  6. Block of Instructions A block of related instructions is enclosed with an open and an close braces. Example: void main(){ int i = 0; { int y = 8; int x = 5 + i; } //end of block i = 29; } //end of main e-business and Information Systems

  7. Example #include <stdio.h> void main() { int i = 0; int y = 0; int x; printf("Please enter an integer: "); scanf("%d", &y); x = 5 + y; { //beginning of a block int k = 6; i = x + k; printf("x is: %d and i is: %d \n", x, i); } //end of the block printf("x is: %d and y is: %d \n", x, y); } //end of main e-business and Information Systems

  8. Variable declarations All variable declarations must be done at the beginning of the block. e-business and Information Systems

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