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Particles in Solution

Particles in Solution. The Nature of Solvents. What dissolves what or why does a substance dissolve in one solvent but not another? Solvents with non-polar molecules dissolve solutes with non-polar molecules Solvents with polar molecules dissolve solutes with polar molecules

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Particles in Solution

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  1. Particles in Solution

  2. The Nature of Solvents • What dissolves what or why does a substance dissolve in one solvent but not another? • Solvents with non-polar molecules dissolve solutes with non-polar molecules • Solvents with polar molecules dissolve solutes with polar molecules • Remember “like dissolves like”

  3. Are there any exceptions? • Yes!!!!! • Some substances form solutions with both polar and non-polar solutes • How? • Solvents such as ethanol have a polar and non-polar end which allows it to dissolve polar and non-polar solutes. • Substances with both polar and non-polar

  4. Particles in Solution • How do substances break up in solution? • Dissociation • Ionic Solids (metals bonded with non-metals) separate into positive and negative ions • Example – NaCl dissociates in Na+ and Cl- • Ionization • The breaking apart of certain polar substances to form ions when dissolved in water Example: HCl + H20  H30+ + Cl- • When a substance that separates ions or forms ions in a water solution is called an electrolyte • This means it can conduct electricity

  5. What is a non-electrolyte? • A non-electrolyte is a substance, such as pure water, that does not conduct electricity.

  6. Effects of Solute Particles • Why do you add antifreeze to your car instead of just using water as a coolant? • Why do you put salt on the ground when it is going to be cold?

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