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Close-Range AMP Backscattering in 2.4GHz for IoT Applications

This presentation discusses a new category of close-range ambient backscattering in the 2.4GHz frequency for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The focus is on applications such as smart home, smart factory, smart agriculture, and supply chain management. The technology enables reading tags at a proximity of around 10cm, allowing for innovative use cases and seamless connectivity between physical and virtual worlds.

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Close-Range AMP Backscattering in 2.4GHz for IoT Applications

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  1. November 2023 doc.: IEEE 802.11-23/2038r0 Close-range AMP Backscattering in 2.4GHz Date: 2023-11-11 Authors: Name Affiliations Address Phone email NXP Rui Cao 350 Holger Way, San Jose, CA 95134 rui.cao_2@nxp.com Hongyuan Zhang hongyuan.zhang@nxp.com Franz Amtmann Mikron-Weg 1, 8101 Gratkorn, Austria franz.amtmann@nxp.com ralf.kodritsch@nxp.com peter.thueringer@nxp.com Ralf Kodritsch Peter Thüringer Submission Slide 1 Rui Cao, etc. (NXP)

  2. November 2023 doc.: IEEE 802.11-23/2038r0 Introduction • Backscattering is one of the candidate technologies to enable ambient power operation [1, 2] • Several contributions have discussed the challenges and potential solutions for long range (~meter) backscattering [3, 4, 5] • In this presentation, a new category of close-range (~10cm) AMP backscattering use case is proposed for 2.4GHz Submission Slide 2 Rui Cao, etc. (NXP)

  3. November 2023 doc.: IEEE 802.11-23/2038r0 AMP Backscattering Applications [1] Smart Home • Locate personal belongings • Read expiration dates of food, trigger new order Smart factory Production control, warehouse inventory, • asset management, anti-counterfeiting, worker • presence detection Smart agriculture Supply chain and asset management Combine the physical world with the virtual world • • • • • • connect items to the cloud • Read range requirement: several meters Submission Slide 3 Rui Cao, etc. (NXP)

  4. November 2023 doc.: IEEE 802.11-23/2038r0 RFID Markets 34 Billion UHF Tag ICs shipped in 2022! (Source: RAIN ALLIANCE 2023) Benefits Use Cases Markets Retail Increased supply chain visibility Item level tracking from source to consumer Improved shopping experience Pharma Product authentication and brand protection Reduced waiting time at checkout Consumer self-checkout at terminal Parcel services Proof of product originality Manufacturing and distribution process optimization Reduce number of mishandled parcels and airline baggage Industrial IoT Airline baggage tracking Increased operations and manufacturing efficiency Electronic toll collection Aviation Convenient access to vehicle related services Vehicle registration and vehicle access management Enables sustainability by reducing waste Vehicle Identification Retailers & brands 80+ Billion UHF Tag ICs by 2026! (Source: VDC 2022) Submission Slide 4 Rui Cao, etc. (NXP)

  5. November 2023 doc.: IEEE 802.11-23/2038r0 TODAY: RFID for B2B Applications Inventory control with UHF handheld reader Warehouse dock door with UHF reader Conveyor belt UHF reading Self-checkout at UHF terminal Automatic Vehicle ID Airline baggage tag with UHF Embedded UHF tire tag Apparel UHF tag Read range: ~10m, need specialized RFID reader Submission Slide 5 Rui Cao, etc. (NXP)

  6. November 2023 doc.: IEEE 802.11-23/2038r0 TOMORROW • What if 10’s of billions of tags can be read with a mobile device? Read range requirement: 5~10cm Submission Slide 6 Rui Cao, etc. (NXP)

  7. November 2023 doc.: IEEE 802.11-23/2038r0 UHF + AMP Tag • One tag for both B2B and B2C applications • B2B: sub-1GHz backscattering with ~10m range • B2C: 2.4GHz backscattering with ~5cm range • New use cases enabler: • Consumer gets product related information • product properties, warranty, item history, promotion • Consumer self check-out with personal device • read tag and pay, no need to go cashier • Beyond sale • ease of product registration, recycle information • Connect the physical world with the virtual world • Create digital twin, connect items to the cloud Submission Slide 7 Rui Cao, etc. (NXP)

  8. November 2023 doc.: IEEE 802.11-23/2038r0 WiFi AMP Tag Reading Architecture Input carrier Reader Backscattering tag TX AMP Energy harvesting Logic RX LNA Backscattering signal • WiFi reader: WiFi transceiver with 2+ antennas • one antenna sends reading energizer signal and • another antenna receiving backscattered tag signal • No major RF and digital changes to popular mobile devices • An AMP tag with similar backscattering modulation as UHF tag Slide 8 Submission Rui Cao, etc. (NXP)

  9. November 2023 doc.: IEEE 802.11-23/2038r0 Link Budget Analysis Friis propagation model: Prx = Pt + Gtx + Grx + 20log10( ) – 20log10(4 d) – L (dB) • WiFi antenna gain: Gtx = Grx = 2dB AMP tag activation power: -20dBm Backscattered modulation loss: L = 6dB Slide 9 ? ∙ • ? • • Submission Rui Cao, etc. (NXP)

  10. November 2023 doc.: IEEE 802.11-23/2038r0 Technical Feasibility • Applications for close-range backscattering (~10cm) • WiFi reader Tx power: • 0dB is sufficient to energize the tag • WiFi reader dynamic range: • 30~50dB dynamic range in 2.4GHz (assume 20dB antenna isolation) • 9~10 bit ADC is sufficient to decode the tag data • AMP tag backscattering: • simple modulation techniques, like OOK, compatible with RFID • enables ultra low cost tag Submission Slide 10 Rui Cao, etc. (NXP)

  11. November 2023 doc.: IEEE 802.11-23/2038r0 Standards Definition • Energizer waveform by WiFi reader: • Same 2.4GHz medium access and protection mechanism applies (backward interoperability) • Leverage DSSS or OFDM waveform • Backscattering modulation scheme, e.g. OOK • Simplify MAC header • WiFi tag reading control frame • Leverage WUR PPDU • WiFi tag reading protocol Submission Slide 11 Rui Cao, etc. (NXP)

  12. November 2023 doc.: IEEE 802.11-23/2038r0 Summary • AMP + RFID is an enabler of many B2C use cases • Faster and easier market adoption • AMP 2.4GHz backscattering technique can be as simple as RFID • AMP reader can be an add-on feature to existing 2x2 WiFi devices without major hardware upgrade • Suggest AMP PAR to be open to support the technical requirements for 2.4GHz close-range backscattering Submission Slide 12 Rui Cao, etc. (NXP)

  13. November 2023 doc.: IEEE 802.11-23/2038r0 References [1] 11-18-0498-08-00fd-fd-tig-report [2] 11-23-0056-00-0amp-802-11-compatible-backscatter- prototype [3] 11-23-0106-00-0amp-some-thoughts-on-backscatter- modulation [4] 11-23-0836-02-0amp-discussion-of-existing- technologies-and-technical-challenges-in-amp [5] 11-23-1195-00-0amp-thoughts-on-amp-iot-and-par Submission Slide 13 Rui Cao, etc. (NXP)

  14. November 2023 doc.: IEEE 802.11-23/2038r0 Appendix 5.2: This amendment defines: - at least one mode of data communication in sub-1 GHz band - at least one mode of data communication in 2.4 GHz band - Including backscattering communication - at least one mode of RF energy harvesting Submission Slide 14 Rui Cao, etc. (NXP)

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