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Standards for Connection of Electric Vehicles

Standards for Connection of Electric Vehicles. What Are Standards? Who Are The Standardisers?. European Standards Organisations. CEN = European Committee for Standardization CENELEC = European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization

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Standards for Connection of Electric Vehicles

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  1. Standards for Connection of Electric Vehicles David DOSSETT, CENELEC President BEAMA Low Carbon Living Conference15 March 2011

  2. What Are Standards?Who Are The Standardisers?

  3. European Standards Organisations • CEN = European Committee for Standardization • CENELEC = European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization • ETSI = European Telecommunication Standards Institute • CEN and CENELEC now have 31 national members (EU, EFTA, Croatia)

  4. What Is A Standard? • It is a document • voluntary in application • established by all interested parties • reflects consensus • approved by a recognized body • for common and repeated use • National, International, European Standards

  5. European Standardization Model • ESOs recognised under Directive 98/34/EC • CEN, CENELEC and ETSI are officially recognized by EU legislation to draw up standards under New Approach directives • All CEN, CENELEC and ETSI NSBs are committed to: • implement a European standard (EN) once ratified, identically as national standard • withdraw any conflicting national standard  Voluntary standards are key for the European Single Market

  6. Why European Standards? • Single European Market • Innovation from European research results • Competitiveness in a global economy • Easier access for new Members to the EU • Alternative for better regulation • Standards for the market and by the market • Co-regulation in Europe since 1985 BUT, especially... • 1 EN = 31 national standards in Europe = access to 490 million customers.

  7. Standards For Electric Vehicles

  8. Why Standards For Electric Vehicles? • Promote the development of the internal market for EVs • Increase client acceptance • Optimize energy use • Discourage imposition of market barriers • Make equipment • Interoperable • Interchangeable across frontiers • Allow for optimum use of infrastructure • Allow for power generation

  9. European Interests And International Standardization

  10. The Landscape • Internationally, ISO standardizes vehicles; IEC their electrical aspects • Type-approval etc is regulated • Our standards work in Europe has been limited: • Vehicle pollution requirements in support of EU Regulations • Intelligent Transport standards – electronic road tolling, driver information etc • Now, e-Mobility has come to the fore

  11. Standards And Regulation

  12. The European Mandate • Mandate = Commission/EFTA request to the European Standards Organizations (ESOs), endorsed by Member States • A mandate on electric vehicle standards issues has been given to the standards bodies • Request to produce a “standards work programme” by spring 2011, and the necessary standards within 18 months • This is fast – but many of the necessary standards are under way internationally…

  13. What Are We Asked To Do? • The ESOs are asked to develop European standards or to review existing standards in order to: • Ensure interoperability and connectivity between the electricity supply and on-board chargers of electric vehicles, so that they can be connected and be interoperable in all EU States • Ensure interoperability and connectivity between “off-board” chargers and the electric vehicle and removable batteries • Consider any smart-charging issue with respect to the charging of electric vehicles • Consider safety risks and electromagnetic compatibility of the charger of electric vehicles in the field of relevant Directives

  14. How Are We Doing It? • We have created a Joint Working Group (“Focus Group”) CEN-CENELEC, with participation of ISO, IEC, ETSI • Representatives of technical activities, interested associations, CEN-CENELEC national members, Commission etc • Note the Focus Group is not preparing standards as such! • Focus Group Tasks: • Prepare an overview of European requirements for electric vehicle standards • Match these against existing international standards and all relevant work in progress in standards bodies • Recommend how missing issues should be covered by standardization, by whom and on what timescale • Propose how ESOs respond to European Commission mandate

  15. European Work

  16. Organization/Timescale • Focus Group has set up working groups (“Project Teams”) to prepare a response on the different issues: • Connectors • Charging • Communications • Batteries • Terminology • Regulations and standards • Electro-magnetic compatibility • First overview report/roadmap agreed • Final report and recommendations March 2011

  17. Connector Issues • Connectors on the wall: • Domestic circuits AC – most routine charging will be at home • Heavier charging at 3-Phase AC: draft IEC 62196 Part 2 has several options, but we need one for Europe • Differences in national wiring rules in Europe > interoperability issues • Connectors on the vehicle: • AC connectors – different options again in IEC 62196-2 • DC connectors – choice of two but with different characteristics

  18. Charger Issues • Recommendations concerning interoperable charging systems using the four charging modes authorised by IEC 61851 • Preferential configurations depending on charging mode and supply categories (AC, DC, Mixed?) to ensure interoperability of charging infrastructures • Restrictions and conditions of use applicable to the vehicle and harness when connected to existing domestic socket outlets (mode 1 and 2)

  19. Other Issues • Communication issues – next overheads • Battery issues: • interoperability: dimensional standards of battery and modules for EVs, interface systems, electric cycle batteries, safety, supply chain, battery switching stations • Regulatory/EMC/Terminology (separate PTs) • Basically: • our priorities are the pan-European connectors and chargers, ie so interoperable infrastructure can be created • DC charging is longer-term • smart charging is longer-term • the grid effects will therefore be longer-term – but we must work on them

  20. Vehicle To Grid Issues • These are less mature • Low-level communication: • low-level communication for AC and DC charge control and safety functions is defined in the IEC 61851 series • controls for AC charging in part 1 (voted September 2010) • controls for DC charging in part 24 (work just starting) • Higher-level communication: • Work in joint ISO/IEC WG defining power-line communication between vehicle and charging device, defining message content • signals for load control for the optimization of the grid and electricity usage, and mobility services (link to the grid issues) • use of existing data channels that will also be used on in thermal vehicles (ITS, 3G, WiFi) • Final choice of physical layer between vehicle and charging post may have a major influence on choices made for smart grid (and the “smart home”)

  21. What Will We End Up With (1)? • March 2011, a set of proposals for (at least) which connector/charger standards are needed at European level for: • charging from the AC mains with standard voltages available in Europe • charging of the vehicle battery from an external DC battery charger • charging of small electric vehicles such as scooters and bicycles • Information on EMC and electrical safety aspects of these • NO proposals for European Standards work unless specifically justified

  22. What Will We End Up With (2)? • Information on smart-charging, communication and battery standards issues: • Maybe less immediately important for interoperability • Not even all within the mandate • But still there are standards aspects on these • Contribution to the longer-term view from our smart grid JWG • A set of recommendations either as to which IEC standards to adopt as European ones, or for selection of options in them for Europe • Possibly also recommendations to regulators – if national legal barriers exist in Europe

  23. Thank You! Standards will help electric vehicles achieve their potential www.cen.eu www.cenelec.eu

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