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POSTMODERNISM

This CD-ROM provides teachers with an educational resource on postmodernism. It covers the definition, notable contributors, criticisms, and quotations related to postmodernism. The CD-ROM is intended for use in schools that have purchased it from Dialogue Education.

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POSTMODERNISM

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  1. Dialogue Education Update 3 POSTMODERNISM THIS CD HAS BEEN PRODUCED FOR TEACHERS TO USE IN THE CLASSROOM. IT IS A CONDITION OF THE USE OF THIS CD THAT IT BE USED ONLY BY THE PEOPLE FROM SCHOOLS THAT HAVE PURCHASED THE CD ROM FROM DIALOGUE EDUCATION. (THIS DOES NOT PROHIBIT ITS USE ON A SCHOOL’S INTRANET)

  2. Contents • Page 3 -Video Introduction to Postmodernism • Pages 4 to 9 - Definition of Postmodernism • Pages 10 to 15 - Notable Philosophical and literary contributors • Pages 16 to 22 - Criticisms of Postmodernism • Page 17-18 - As meaningless or disingenuous • Page 20 - As Political • Page 21 - Marxist Critique • Page 22 - Late developments since 1989 and 9/11 • Pages 23 to 26 - Quotations • Pages 27 - Community of inquiry on Ethical Relativism • Pages 28-29 - Bibliography

  3. You Tube Introduction to Postmodernism • Click on the image to the left. You will need to be connected to the internet to view this presentation. • Enlarge to full screen

  4. Postmodernism • Postmodernism literally means 'after the modernist movement'.

  5. Postmodernism • It is used in critical theory to refer to a point of departure for works of literature, drama, architecture, and design.

  6. Postmodernism • Postmodernism is an aesthetic, literary, political or social philosophy, which was the basis of the attempt to describe a condition, or a state of being, or something concerned with changes to institutions and conditions (as in Giddens, 1990) as postmodernity.

  7. Postmodernism • The term postmodern is described by Merriam-Webster as meaning either "of, relating to, or being an era after a modern one" or "of, relating to, or being any of various movements in reaction to modernism that are typically characterized by a return to traditional materials and forms (as in architecture) or by ironic self-reference and absurdity (as in literature)", or finally "of, relating to, or being a theory that involves a radical reappraisal of modern assumptions about culture, identity, history, or language.

  8. Postmodernism • Postmodernism was originally a reaction to modernism.

  9. Postmodernism • Postmodernity is a derivative referring to non-art aspects of history that were influenced by the new movement, namely developments in society, economy and culture since the 1960s.

  10. Notable philosophical and literary contributors • Søren Kierkegaard, Friedrich Nietzsche and other late 19th and early 20th century authors laid the groundwork for the existential movement of the 20th century.

  11. Notable philosophical and literary contributors • Art and literature of the early part of the 20th century play a significant part in shaping the character of postmodern culture.

  12. Notable philosophical and literary contributors • Some other significant contributions to postmodern culture from literary figures include the following: Jorge Luis Borges experimented in metafiction and magical realism.

  13. Notable philosophical and literary contributors • Writers such as Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus drew heavily from Kierkegaard and Nietzsche, and other previous thinkers, and brought about a new sense of subjectivity, and forlornness, which greatly influenced contemporary thinkers, writers, and artists. Karl Barth's fideist approach to theology and lifestyle, brought an irreverence for reason, and the rise of subjectivity.

  14. Notable philosophical and literary contributors • Postcolonialism after World War II contributed to the idea that one cannot have an objectively superior lifestyle or belief.

  15. Notable philosophical and literary contributors • It is possible to identify the burgeoning anti-establishment movements of the 1960s as the constituting event of postmodernism.

  16. Criticisms • The term postmodernism, when used pejoratively, describes tendencies perceived as relativist, counter-enlightenment or antimodern, particularly in relation to critiques of rationalism, universalism or science.

  17. Criticisms As meaningless or disingenuous • The criticism of elements of postmodernism as sophism or obscurantism was played out in the Sokal Affair, where Alan Sokal, a physicist, delivered for publication an article about interpreting physics and mathematics in terms of postmodern theory, which he had deliberately written to mock postmodernist views on objectivity, determinism and the social construction of scientific truth.

  18. Criticisms As meaningless or disingenuous • Biologist Richard Dawkins believes that postmodernists generally are intellectual charlatans who deliberately obscure weak or nonsensical ideas with ostentatious and difficult to understand verbiage.

  19. Criticisms • The linguist Noam Chomsky has suggested that postmodernism is meaningless because it adds nothing to analytical or empirical knowledge.

  20. Criticisms As political • Michel Foucault rejected the label of postmodernism explicitly in interviews but is seen by many to advocate a form of critique that is "postmodern" in that it breaks with the utopian and transcendental nature of "modern" critique by calling universal norms of the Enlightenment into question.

  21. Criticisms Marxist critique • Callinicos attacks notable postmodern thinkers such as Baudrillard and Lyotard, arguing postmodernism "reflects the disappointed revolutionary generation of '68, (particularly those of May 68) and the incorporation of many of its members into the professional and managerial 'new middle class'.

  22. Criticisms Late developments after 1989 and 9/11 • What has been underestimated and only poorly researchedso far seems to be the ”late ethical and theological turn” of many leading postmodernist thinkers, such as Jacques Derrida, Helene Cixous, Paul Feyerabend and Jean Francois Lyotard.

  23. Quotations • In 1994, the then-President of the Czech Republic and renowned playwright Václav Havel gave a hopeful description of the postmodern world as one based on science, and yet paradoxically “where everything is possible and almost nothing is certain.”

  24. Quotations • Josh McDowell & Bob Hostetler offer the following definition of postmodernism: “A worldview characterized by the belief that truth doesn’t exist in any objective sense but is created rather than discovered.”… Truth is “created by the specific culture and exists only in that culture. Therefore, any system or statement that tries to communicate truth is a power play, an effort to dominate other cultures.”

  25. Quotations • In the introduction to his Treatise on Twelve Lights, Robert Struble, Jr. states: "The postmodernist worldview dismisses all forms of absolutism from eras past, especially Judeo-Christian faith and morals; yet the postmodernists idolize absolutely their new secular trinity of tolerance–diversity–choice.”

  26. Community of Inquiry • CLICK ON THIS LINK FOR THE STIMULUS FOR A DISCUSSION ON ETHICAL RELATIVISM. (You might like to print this material out and distribute it to the class.)

  27. Bibliography • Alexie, Sherman (2000). "The Toughest Indian in the World" (ISBN 0-8021-3800-4) • Anderson, Walter Truett. The Truth about the Truth (New Consciousness Reader). New York: Tarcher. (1995) (ISBN 0-87477-801-8) • Ashley, Richard and Walker, R. B. J. (1990) “Speaking the Language of Exile.” International Studies Quarterly v 34, no 3 259-68. • Bauman, Zygmunt (2000) Liquid Modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press. • Beck, Ulrich (1986) Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity. • Benhabib, Seyla (1995) 'Feminism and Postmodernism' in (ed. Nicholson) Feminism Contentions: A Philosophical Exchange. New York: Routledge. • Berman, Marshall (1982) All That Is Solid Melts Into Air: The Experience of Modernity (ISBN 0-14-010962-5). • Bertens, Hans (1995) The Idea of the Postmodern: A History. London: Routledge.(ISBN 0-145-06012-5). • Bielskis, Andrius (2005) Towards a Postmodern Understanding of the Political: From Genealogy to Hermeneutics (Palgrave Macmillan, 2005). • Brass, Tom, Peasants, Populism and Postmodernism (London: Cass, 2000). • Butler, Judith (1995) 'Contingent Foundations' in (ed. Nicholson) Feminist Contentions: A Philosophical Exchange. New Yotk: Routledge. • Callinicos, Alex, Against Postmodernism: A Marxist Critique (Cambridge: Polity, 1999). • Castells, Manuel (1996) The Network Society. • Coupland, Douglas (1991). "Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture" (ISBN 0-312-05436-X) • Downing, Crystal L. How Postmodernism Serves (My) Faith, (Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2006) ISBN 10--0-8308-2758-7 • Drabble, M. The Oxford Companion to English Literature, 6 ed., article "Postmodernism". • Farrell, John. "Paranoia and Postmodernism," the epilogue to Paranoia and Modernity: Cervantes to • Featherstone, M. (1991) Consumer culture and postmodernism, London ; Newbury Park, Calif., Sage Publications. • Rousseau (Cornell UP, 2006), 309-327.

  28. Bibliography • Goulimari, Pelagia (ed.) (2007) Postmodernism. What Moment? Manchester: Manchester University Press (ISBN 978-0-7190-7308-3) • Giddens, Anthony (1991) Modernity and Self Identity, Cambridge: Polity Press. • Grebowicz, Margaret (ed.), Gender After Lyotard. NY: Suny Press, 2007. (ISBN 978-0-7914-6956-9) • Greer, Robert C. Mapping Postmodernism. IL: Intervarsity Press, 2003. (ISBN 0-8308-2733-1) • Groothuis, Douglas. Truth Decay. Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press, 2000. • Harvey, David (1989) The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change (ISBN 0-631-16294-1) • Hicks, Stephen R. C. (2004) Explaining Postmodernism: Skepticism and Socialism from Rousseau to Foucault (ISBN 1-59247-646-5) • Honderich, T., The Oxford Companion to Philosophy, article "Postmodernism". • Jameson, Fredric (1991) Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism (ISBN 0-8223-1090-2) • Lash, S. (1990) The sociology of postmodernism, London, Routledge. • Lyotard, Jean-François (1984) The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge (ISBN 0-8166-1173-4) • --- (1988). The Postmodern Explained: Correspondence 1982-1985. Ed. Julian Pefanis and Morgan Thomas. (ISBN 0-8166-2211-6) • --- (1993), "Scriptures: Diffracted Traces." In: Theory, Culture and Society, Vol. 21(1), 2004. • --- (1995), "Anamnesis: Of the Visible." In: Theory, Culture and Society, Vol. 21(1), 2004. • MacIntyre, Alasdair, After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory (University of Notre Dame Press, 1984, 2nd edn.). • Manuel, Peter. "Music as Symbol, Music as Simulacrum: Pre-Modern, Modern, and Postmodern Aesthetics in Subcultural Musics," Popular Music 1/2, 1995, pp. 227-239. • Murphy, Nancey, Anglo-American Postmodernity: Philosophical Perspectives on Science, Religion, and Ethics (Westview Press, 1997). • Natoli, Joseph (1997) A Primer to Postmodernity (ISBN 1-57718-061-5) • Norris, Christopher (1990) What's Wrong with Postmodernism: Critical Theory and the Ends of Philosophy (ISBN 0-8018-4137-2) • Pangle, Thomas L., The Ennobling of Democracy: The Challenge of the Postmodern Age, Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991 ISBN 0-8018-4635-8 • Sokal, Alan and Jean Bricmont (1998) Fashionable Nonsense: Postmodern Intellectuals' Abuse of Science (ISBN 0-312-20407-8) • Taylor, Alan (2005) We, the media. Pedagogic Intrusions into US Film and Television News Broadcasting Rhetorics', Peter Lang, pp. 418 (ISBN 3-631-51852-8) • Vattimo, Gianni (1989). The Transparent Society (ISBN 0-8018-4528-9) • Veith Jr., Gene Edward (1994) Postmodern Times: A Christian Guide to Contemporary Thought and Culture (ISBN 0-89107-768-5) • Woods, Tim, Beginning Postmodernism, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1999,(Reprinted 2002)(ISBN 0-7190-5210-6 Hardback,ISBN 0-7190-5211-4 Paperback) . • Wikipedia-Postmodernism-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmodernism

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