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Understanding Single Replacement Reactions in Chemistry

Explore the concept of single replacement reactions in chemistry through examples of metal and nonmetal substitutions. Learn about the reactivity series and how to predict if reactions will occur. Use Table J to determine the feasibility of various combinations.

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Understanding Single Replacement Reactions in Chemistry

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  1. A word about ….

  2. Single Replacement Reactions A + BX  AX + B Element + Compound  New Element + New Compound

  3. Single Replacement Rxns 2 Li(s) + 2 H2O(l)  2 LiOH(aq) + H2(g) Type #1:metal replaces a hydrogen in water molecule or an acid always get hydrogen Hydrogen gas

  4. Single Replacement Rxns Type #2: one metal replaces another metal in a compound Cu(s) + 2 AgNO3(aq)  2 Ag(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq)

  5. Single Replacement Reactions Metals have different reactivities must predict if given metal and given compound will react or not

  6. Single Replacement Rxns • Table J is an activity series • more reactive a metal is, the easier it loses its valence electrons • most active metal at top • least active metal at bottom • use Table J to determine if reaction will occur

  7. Single Replacement Reactions Type #3: nonmetal replaces another nonmetal in compound • Nonmetal often is halogen • Halogens have different reactivities (Table J) • Most active halogen = F (top) • Least active halogen = I (bottom)

  8. Single Replacement Rxns rule: metal CAN replace any metal listed BELOW itself on table J nonmetalCAN replace any nonmetallisted BELOW itself on table J - CANNOT replace metal listed above itself on table J

  9. KCl(aq) + Zn(s) <not balanced> No No AlCl3(aq) + Sn(s) <not balanced> No Ti(NO3)2(aq) + Pb(s) No CaF2(aq) + I2(g) Use Table J to predict if these reactions occur • K(s) + ZnCl2(aq)  • Fe(s) + Na3PO4(aq)  • Cu(s) + Mg(NO3)2(aq)  • Al(s) + SnCl2(aq)  • Ca(s) + KBr(aq)  • Ti(s) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)  • Cl2(g) + HF(aq)  • F2(g) + CaI2(aq) 

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