September 18, 2014

1. September 18, 2014 Table of Contents: 24. Chapter 3 Graphic Organizer 25. Anatomy of a Neuron 26. Neuron Notes 27. Neuron Lab EQ- What is the function of neurons? What are the different parts of a neuron? SSPBF1b • Agenda: • Introduce Unit 2 • Neuron Notes and Activity • Neuron Lab

2. CHAPTER 3 NEUROSCIENCE AND BEHAVIOR

3. Biological Psychology • Biological Psychology (a.k.a. biopsychology/psychobiology): The study of psychological processes from a biological point of view

4. The Nervous System • A complex combination of cells • Allow you to: • Know what is going on around • Respond Appropriately • It is comprised of the Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System Thinking Dreaming Feeling Moving Breathing Eating Digesting Heart Beat Temperature Arousal Laughing Crying Screaming Blinking Existing!

5. Neurons • What Is IT? • How does it WORK? • What are the DETAILS? • What are the three types?

6. Neuron WHAT IS IT? Nerve cells that are the basic building block of the nervous system HOW DOES IT WORK? Cells run through our entire body and communicate with each other WHAT DETAILS ARE IMPORTANT? -Sends messages throughout the entire body -Each of us has over 40 billion throughout our body WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES? Sensory- send messages from body to the brain -Motor- send messages from brain to body -Interneuron- translate between S and M in the brain

7. A “TYPICAL” NEURON

8. Components of a Neuron Soma (Cell Body):Contains the nucleus (a body within the soma that contains the cell’s hereditary material of the cell) it produces energy that fuels the activity of the cell

9. Components of a Neuron Dendrites:The short, branched projections of a neuron that receive impulses from axons terminal on other neurons and conduct them to the cell body.

10. Components of a Neuron Axon: The long projection that transmit impulses away from the cell body to the synapse.

11. Components of a Neuron Myelin Sheath:A white fatty substance that insulates and protects the axon. The myelin helps speed the impulses. The loss of muscle control seen with multiple sclerosis is due to a degeneration of myelin sheath.

12. Components of a Neuron Axon Terminals:Small fibers that branch out at the end of the axon. They secrete chemical messengers.

13. Neuron Lab • My partner was _____________________________________. • Forearm: Trial 1 __________ Trial 2 ____________ Trial 3___________ • Finger: Trial 1 __________ Trial 2 ____________ • Trial 3___________ • 2. I was able to detect the two stimuli to a great degree on my __________________. • 3. What does this tell you about the number of neurons present in your forearm and finger? • 4. Why do you think you have more neurons in your _____?

14. September 22 EQ- What are the parts of the nervous system? • Agenda: • Review the neuron parts • Finish neuron section of graphic organizer • Discuss the parts of the nervous system • Nervous System Buddy 28. Nervous System Song 29. Notes of Nervous System

15. Components of a Neuron • Synapse:The tiny gap between the axon terminal of the sending neuron and the dendrites of the receiving neuron • It is across this tiny gap that neurons communicate with one another

16. Action Potential • The process through which a message (chemical impulse) is carried through the neuron. (from the dendrite, down the axon, into the axon terminal)

17. Neurotransmitters • Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers released from the axon terminals. • Neurotransmitters will bind only to specific receptors on the postsynaptic membrane that recognize them.

21. Brain Spinal Cord Column of nerves running down back- protected by bones- transmits messages between brain and the rest of the body Central Nervous System

22. Central Nervous System • Brain and the Spinal Cord

23. “Fight of Flight” Activated when we are going into action Voluntary movement of skeletal muscles Somatic Sympathetic Autonomic Involuntary movements of internal organs and glands Parasympathetic Peripheral Nervous System “Rest and Digest” Calms us back down after the Sympathetic NS has been activated

24. Peripheral Nervous System • Nerve cells that send messages between the CNS and all the parts of the body, such as muscles, organs, and skin receptors. (The Central Nervous System is the brain and spinal cord, the Peripheral Nervous system is everything else)

25. Peripheral Nervous System AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYTEM Parasympathetic Nervous System Sympathetic Nervous System Calms the body after emergencies. Restores the body’s energy Prepares the body for fight-or flight response

26. Peripheral Nervous System Somatic Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System Controls involuntary actions. It regulates the body’s vital functions: breathing, digestion, blood pressure, etc. It is also involved in emotions Controls voluntary activities It serves arousal functions

27. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Gdjcd68sGE

28. Which Nervous System? • Which nervous system is involved in allowing you to shoot a basketball, smell freshly baked bread, and push the keys on a piano? Somatic Nervous System

29. Which Nervous System? • The digestion of last night’s dinner is most directly controlled by which nervous system? Autonomic

30. Which Nervous System? • The voluntary command Zelda uses to raise her hand in class would travel through which nervous system from the spinal cord to the muscles that control movement? Somatic

31. Which Nervous System? • When a man grabbed Zoe’s purse, she ran after him, tackled him, and retrieved her purse. Then she realized that her heart was racing, her breathing was irregular, and she was trembling. Which of Zoe’s nervous systems was responsible for this reaction? Sympathetic

32. Which Nervous System? • You woke up late for your big job interview! You are running and your heart is beating fast! • Which nervous system governs your running? Somatic • Which nervous system governs your heart rate? Autonomic (Sympathetic)

33. Which Nervous System? • Zeon had a long, difficult day at school. As he sits down on the sofa, his heart rate and breathing slow down, his muscles relax, and his digestive system starts getting ready for food. Which of Zeon’s nervous systems has been activated? Parasympathetic

34. Nervous System Buddy Trace your body. Draw the Central Nervous System (brain and spinal cord). This should be red. Draw the Peripheral Nervous System (nerves running from the CNS to the rest of your body). This should be blue. Draw a “spotlight” on one of your neurons. Label the five parts of the neuron. Create a T chart and label it the Somatic and the Autonomic Nervous system. For each, identify the main function of this system and at least three examples of things this system does. Create a T chart and label it the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous system. For each, tell the main job of that system and three things that happen when that system is activated. Give your buddy a name and some character! Write the names of the members of your group in the lower right hand corner. Tape your “buddy” up in the hallway and get Ms. Sterling to grade it.

35. September 26 • Agenda: • Review the Nervous System • Parts of the brain • Update Ch. 3 GO • Ppt Review of Parts of the Brain • Memorize the Parts of the Brain Video EQ- What are the major functions of the parts of the brain? SSPBF1 Table of Contents: 30. The Brain 31. Parts of the Brain 32. Memorize the Parts Chart

36. Parts of the Brain • Hindbrain • Midbrain • Forebrain

37. Hindbrain • Medulla – vital functions (heart rate, breathing, blood pressure) • Pons – regulates body movement; attention, sleep and alertness • Cerebellum – “little brain”; under cerebrum; balance and coordination

38. Midbrain • Structures that regulate vision and hearing • R.A.S. (Reticular Activating System) – attention, sleep, and arousal; starts in hindbrain and goes through midbrain to bottom of forebrain

39. Forebrain • Thalamus – “inner chamber”; relay station and sensory switchboard • Hypothalamus – “under” the thalamus; body regulations – temperature, hunger, thirst, sex • Limbic system – structures involved in memory, learning, emotions, aggression, and fear • Cerebrum – “brain”; 70% of brain’s weight; cortex is Latin for “bark”; HIGHER functions/thinking • Association Areas – part of cerebrum – pulls ALL information together; integrates or associates sensory information with stored information

40. Important Parts of the Limbic System: • Hippocampus- memory forming, organizing and storage • Amygdala-emotional center, especially with fear and anger, also with pleasure

41. Parts of the Brain Video

43. September 30 EQ- What are the major components of the brain and their function. SSBF1 • Agenda: • Brain parts review • Build a Brain LAB • Chapter 2 Vocabulary Crossword Table of Contents: 33. Brain parts review

44. Brain Parts Review Identify the part of the brain involved in each of these activities: This morning I was sound asleep (1) when my alarm clock went off and woke me up. (2) I immediately realized that I was thirsty (3) and reached for my glass of water. Then I took a quick breath (4) and climbed out of bed. Unfortunately, my visual cues were not being sent to the correct place in my brain (5) and I stumbled several times (6) on my way across the room. I screamed in fear when I turned on the light in the bathroom (7) but realized that it was just my own reflection in the mirror. Then I did a pretty complex math problem (8) and tried to remember whether it was an even or odd day. (9)

45. Play-doh Brain • Get in groups of 3 • Arrange your desks so that you can easily communicate with each other and share a work space. • Follow the lab paper as your construct your brain. • Practice identifying each part and the function of each • Get me to check it!

46. October2 EQ- How do the left and right hemispheres compare to each other? What are the lobes of the brain? How does language happen in our brains? Table of Contents: 34. Which hemisphere? 35. Notes: Hemispheres, Lobes and Language 36. Hemispheres Lab 37. Brainy Super Hero Agenda: Which brain? Introductory activity Notes: Hemispheres, Lobes and Language Brainy Super Heroes!

47. Hemispheres • Left and Right connected by Corpus Callosum • Right is creative/abstract • Left is logical and language based

48. LEFT VS. RIGHT HEMISPHERE • Left:logic, language, problem solving, mathematical computation, etc. • Right: imagination, art, rhythm, color, feeling, and spatial relations <where things are> • However… People are not really right or left brained. The hemispheres do NOT act independently of each other (you use both of them!)

50. Right or Left Hemisphere? Place the card that says “RIGHT” on the right side of your desk. Place the card that says “LEFT”, on the left side of your desk. If you believe the behavior is controlled mostly by the right hemisphere, hold up the card that says “RIGHT” with your right hand. If the behavior is controlled mostly by the left hemisphere, hold up the sign that says “LEFT” with your left hand..