1 / 22

Computer Basics

Computer Basics. Computer Hardware and Software 2008-2009. The Information Processing Cycle. What is a computer?. accepts data processes data produces output stores results. A computer is an electronic device that executes the instructions in a program.

adah
Télécharger la présentation

Computer Basics

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Computer Basics Computer Hardware and Software 2008-2009

  2. The Information Processing Cycle What is a computer? • accepts data • processes data • produces output • stores results A computer is an electronic device that executes the instructions in a program. A computer has four functions: Input Processing Output Storage

  3. Some Beginning Terms • Hardware - the physical parts of the computer • Software - the programs (instructions) that tell the computer what to do • Data - individual facts like first name, price, quantity ordered. Computers manipulate data to create information • Default • the original settings; what will happen if you don't change anything

  4. Tablet PC Hand-held (HPC) Laptop/Notebook Desktop Tower Workstation PDA Personal - “microcomputers”

  5. Supercomputers handle massive amounts of calculating. e.g weather forecasting, engineering design Mainframe Workhorseof business allows hundreds of people to work on same data at same time Server runs a network of computers PLATO at NHRHS Larger Computers

  6. Networks • Network consists of two or more computers (computer devices) communicating to share data and information.

  7. Types of Networks: HAN – Home Area Network • LAN—Local Area Network • Relatively small area • NHRHS, usually in one specific building • WAN—Wide Area Network • Typically consists many individual networks • Networks that are all over • Largest Example--The Internet • MAN—Metropolitan Area Network • Connects a particular area • Ex. NHRHS and sending districts

  8. Networking • Computer linked together in a school or building (LAN, WAN, MAN) • Connected by a server • Can share information • PROS: • Share printer • Share software (programs) • Easy access within the building • CONS: • Slower time • Server crashes • VIRUS!!!!!!!!!!!! • Privacy Issues – Hackers!!

  9. CPU Memory StorageBus Input Output System Unit Main Components • Hardware • System Unit • Input Devices • Output Devices • Software • Systems Software • Application Software

  10. Computer Hardware Input • “READS” • Input Device • Hardware that allows data to be entered into the computer • Input Devices • Keyboard • Mouse • Scanner • Microphone • CD-ROM • Digital Camera • WebCam • Game controller(joystick)

  11. Computer HardwareOutput • “WRITES” DATA • Output – information that is printed or displayed once it has been processed • Display Devices - Monitor • LCD – flat panel • CRT • Printer • Nonimpact • Inkjet, Laser, Photo, Color • Speaker • Projector

  12. Computer Hardware Input/Output: (I/O) • “READ or WRITE” • Disks and Disk drives • Internal (hard drives) • External (floppy, CDRW) • Flash Memory Cards, USB Flash Drives • Modems • Touch Screen Monitors • ATM Machines

  13. Computer Hardware: System Unit • Case • to hold electronic components of the computer used to process data • Motherboard • Main circuit board of the computer • Holds many electronic components including: CPU, Memory, Expansion Slots, Bus • CPU (microprocessor)—Central Processing Unit. • “Brains of the computer” • Gives computer its speed • Measured in Hertz (megahertz) • Bigger CPU = Faster = More $$ • Intel Pentium, Intel Celeron, Intel Core Duo, Centrino • AMD • Memory Chips • RAM • System Bus, Adaptor Cards, Storage Devices • Hard Drive, Sound cards, video cards, etc.

  14. More Chips inside the box:Memory • Definition: • Accessible storage where computer (CPU) processes instructions, and data • RAM (muscle)-Random Access Memory • Temporary (unless saved) • Operates only when the computer is on • ROM- Read Only Memory • Permanent • Built in by the manufacturer • POST – (Power On Self Test)

  15. Storing Computer DataIn Memory and on Disk • Byte • Smallest storage unit to hold1 character (e.g. “a” “abc”) • 8 bits (0 or 1) in a byte • Byte Sizes • Kilobyte – (KB) 1,000 bytes • Megabyte – (MB) – one million bytes • Gigabyte – (GB) – one billion bytes • Terabyte – (TB) - ???

  16. Types of Storage:(Secondary) • Secondary Storage • Used to store data not being used in memory • Floppy Disk • 3.5 Inches in Size • Magnetic media used for storage • A: Drive • 1.4 MB or 1400 KB • Compact Disk (CD) • Round Magnetic Disk • 650mb-1gb • Stores 450x more info than a floppy • D: Drive

  17. Types of Storage (cont’d) • C: Drive • “Hard Drive” • Contained in most desktop and laptop computers • Non removable • Mass Storage • 10 GB – 200 GB – 500GB? • Digital Video Disk (DVD) • Similar to CD, but double sided • Stores 2x as much

  18. Types of Storage (cont.) • Memory Key (USB flash, pen, thumb drive) • Attaches to USB port • 8mb-8gb and more? • F: drive • Flash Memory Cards • Solid state media – no moving parts • 32mb-4gb and more?

  19. Computer Software • Systems Software – Operating System • Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Unix, Vista • Application Software – everything else • MS Word, MS Excel, MS ACCESS • Business Applications • Internet Browsers • Games

  20. Additional terms to know…Ports • Parallel ports – printer • USB Port • The other port used to connect hardware to your computer • Connection used most often with hardware recently

  21. Neat Websites • Computer Basics QuizQuia Computer Basics http://www.quia.com/jg/65620.html • Inside the System Unit • http://www.kids-online.net/learn/c_n_l.html • Computer LiteracyJan’s Illustrated Computer Literacy 101 http://www.jegsworks.com/Lessons/index.html • Computer Literacy Powerpointhttp://www.jegsworks.com/Lessons/lesson1-2/lesson2-6presentation.htm

  22. Let’s Do It • Try the Computer Basics QuizQuia Computer Basics http://www.quia.com/jg/65620.html • Inside the System Unit • http://www.kids-online.net/learn/c_n_l.html • Read Computer LiteracyJan’s Illustrated Computer Literacy 101 http://www.jegsworks.com/Lessons/index.html

More Related