LINKING LAND USE AND TRANSPORTATION TO CREATE A LEGACY

1. LINKING LAND USE AND TRANSPORTATION TO CREATE A LEGACY Presented by: Barbara Arens, PE, PTOE Vice President PB Brad Strader, AICP, PTP Managing Partner LSL Planning

2. Legacy = Bequest, Heritage Linking transportation and land use can • Improve safety • Revitalize areas • Support commerce/jobs • Alter the environment • Influence community health and quality of life How will you make your mark?

3. Land Use Influences Transportation Arrangement and density affects number, length, and type of trip: • People living close to work • Commercial and schools within walking distance of residential • Residential and employment densities that support transit • Isolated land uses at low density

4. Transportation Can Influence Land Use • Street design • Adding/removing parking • Adding/removing lanes • 1-way versus 2-way streets • New roads or interchanges • Add walking/biking paths • Availability of transit, its type • Build By-Pass Washtenaw Access Management Plan: One-Way 3-to-2 Road Diet Concept Charlotte, NC Light Rail

5. Transportation – Land Use Disconnect • Different agencies or departments • Different educational background • Different time horizons • Future land use: optimism versus reality • Separate planning processes/tools Site PlanApprovals Road Agency Permits PrivateProperties Public Right-of-Way

6. Land Use Tools to Reduce # and Length of Auto Trips • Compact walkable design • Development where transportation capacity exists or is programmed • Street connections • Density, nodes and design to support transit (TOD)

7. Mixed-Use Development/TOD • Models need to acknowledge the trip-making distinctions of different land use patterns • Diversity of housing, jobs & retail in close proximity • Complementary uses • More walking and transit use • 10-40% Internal Trip Capture • May impact travel time

8. Typical Land Use Planning Existing Uses/Traffic & Traffic for Planned Use = Traffic would increase 150% = Significant future congestion Community would not accept extent of widening needed Transportation Improvements Plan Ypsilanti Township, MI

9. Revised to Consider New Land Use Arrangement as Part of Solution • Revised Future Land Use Map • Rearranged land uses/Shifted densities • LOS D in most cases • Community acceptance Transportation Improvements Plan (New) Ypsilanti Township, MI

10. How to Better Integrate Land Use with Transportation Planning • Long Range Plans adopted by agency • Tied to funding • Fiscally constrained Local Future Land Use Plans • Long Range Transportation Plans assume community will develop per its plan • Analyze macro, meso, & micro level Employment & Household Projections and Socio-Economic data Projected Deficiencies (congestion) and Alternatives Analysis Recommended Changes – typically to add capacity

11. Macroscopic Travel Demand Forecasting Models Mesoscopic Modelling DTA Microscopic Simulation Detailed MOEs Transportation Analysis Tools (Macro, Meso, and Micro)

12. Traffic Analysis Tools • Crash • Roadway and Intersection Assessment • Travel Forecasting Models • Isolated intersection analyses • Microsimulation of network

13. Connectivity: Streets Designed for Land Use (Context) and Uses Typologies Access N.M. TRANSIT

14. Street Typologies TYPOLOGIES Local Streets (not shown)

15. Target “LOS by Mode” by Street Boulevard / Commuter Corridor Local Street Urban Activity Center LSL Planning / City of Lansing, MI Comprehensive Plan

16. Different Corridor Treatments • Medians – size & width • Access control • Super streets • Intersection control • Roundabouts • Stop signs • Signals • Urban design (streetscape) • Bike lanes • Traffic calming

17. Context Sensitive Solutions (CSS)at Street Level • How does CSS apply to Streets? • What are Complete Streets? • How do these two Connect?

18. Complete Streets • Streets planned, designed and operated for all users, ages, and abilities • Interconnected network of roads, sidewalks, pathways & transit • Facilitate movement along and across streets • Match street design to user needs and context

19. Streets have a “Place” Function “There is magic to great streets. We are attracted to the best of them not because we have to go there but because we want to be there.” -Allan B. Jacobs, Great Streets

20. Great Places Have Great Streets • Accessibility • Attractiveness • Livability • Community • Interactions • Safety

21. Elements of Complete Streets • Connect to Land Use • Walking • Biking • Lighting • Traffic Management • Transit Availability • Street Furniture • Landscaping • People Places

22. Contextually Complete Streets & CSS What is different about CONTEXTUALLY Complete Streets? Context & Stakeholders Define What is Meant by “Complete” One Size Does Not Fit All!

23. Contextually Complete Streets: Approach • Application of Context Sensitive Solutions to Complete Streets: • Proactive Stakeholder Involvement • Project Focused Inter-Disciplinary Team • Communication and Collaboration

24. Successful Contextually Complete Streets Have: Project-Focused Interdisciplinary Team Proactive Stakeholder Involvement • Urban Planners/Designers • Environmental • Landscape Architects • Engineers • Civil • Traffic • Utility • Lighting • Drainage • Construction • Maintenance • Transit • Pedestrians • Cyclists • Truckers • Passenger Vehicles/Taxis • Parking Agencies • Law Enforcement/Fire Departments • Residents/Land Owners • Businesses/Chamber of Commerce • Citizen Groups • Environmental Groups • Utility Companies

25. Contextually Complete Streets: Tools • Accommodating Transit • Designing for Bikes & Pedestrians • The Grid • Road Diets • Managing Lanes • Traffic Calming • On-street Parking • Green Treatments • New Design Guidelines

26. Road Diets – Reduce # of Lanes • Consider: • Function & environment • Traffic volumes (consider for 8,500 – 24,000 vpd) • Peak hour operations • Crash types, all modes • Impact on parallel roads • Space for amenities • On-street parking • Bike lanes • More green space Before After Washtenaw County Access Management Plan: One-Way 3-to-2 Road Diet Concept

27. Simple as re-striping Cost-effective Optional enhancements Enhances environment Tools - Road Diets

28. Surface arterial “downscale” Reduces through lanes Adds turn lanes May accommodate traffic without widening Improves safety Community context benefits Road Diet Concept Smaller Can Be Better

29. Tools – Bus Lanes Differentiated • Colored Pavements – “Painted Tracks” • Provides Identity and branding of transit system • Passive enforcement for vehicular motorists • Way finding path to next station for patron

30. Bicycle racks Bicycle lanes/Cycle track Multi-use paths Wider curb lane Smooth surfaces Regular maintenance Curb inlets/bicycle-safe grates Tools - Designing for Bicyclists

31. Removing pedestrian hazards Continuous sidewalks, minimum 5 feet Curb extensions (bulb-outs) Median refuge islands Pedestrian crossings/signals Raised pavement Safe/Convenient transit stops Landscaping with good visibility Adequate lighting Tools - Designing for Pedestrians Photo by Jennifer Rosales, PB

32. Applying all the Tools for Successful Complete Streets • New Jersey Route 9 • Boulder, Colorado • Ann Arbor, Michigan Transportation Plan Update/University of Michigan

33. New Jersey Route 9: Matching the Road to the Community Higher Density: Current Reality Higher Density: Future Concept

34. Boulder, CO Known for Streets That are Destinations

35. Boulder, Colorado: All arterials should be multi-modal corridors for auto, pedestrian, bicycle, and transit use.

36. Case Study – Ann Arbor, MI City Transportation Plan • Coordinated with transit agency, university, city, county & MPO • Increased planned residential & employment density to encourage more transit/walking (TOD) • Planned transit corridors to serve major land use changes • Balanced investment in all modes and phased implementation

37. TOD Corridor Overlay Zoning Transit-Oriented Should Have • 5-7+ Units per acre (bus) • 25-40 employees + residents per acre* • Compact development • Appropriate mix of uses Transit-Oriented Should NOT have • Low density residential • Deep building setbacks • Auto related uses *Zupan and Pushkarev. 1977. Public Transportation and Land Use Policy.

38. Ann Arbor, MI Conclusion Depending on part of town, implementation included: • Increased bus service/park and ride facilities • Road Diet locations identified • Planned transit corridors to meet community/University needs • Key corridor redevelopment with signature transit proposed/multi-modal network development • Short, Medium, and Long Range Implementation Plan (20 years) for all modes • New zoning regulations (TOD, Form-Based Code)

39. Form-Based Codes • Regulates physical form, with a lesser focus on use • Defines the streetscape to ensure proper building : street relationship • Combines zoning regulations and street design standards into one code Leesburg Crescent District Plan & Form-Based Code

40. Case Study: Birmingham Triangle Plan • Street redesign and parking to stimulate change • Urban Plan and Form-Based Code • Within two days of plan approval, submittal of plans for $25-million development and major mixed-use building City of Birmingham Triangle Plan

41. Creating a Transportation Legacy • Understand current policies & procedures • Identify ways to integrate decision-making • Integrate land use and transportation planning • Audit regulations and update • Evaluate current street design standards • Prioritize and invest in all modes Courtesy FMLA Opportunity to change our mindset. . . . . .from avoiding negatives to creating positives What will you do to leave your legacy?

42. Contact Information Brad Strader Barbara Arens strader@lslplanning.com 248.586.0505 arens@pbworld.com 313.963.4651