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The Good War

The Good War. Western Civilization in the Balance 1939-1945. The Atlantic Charter August 1941 - Defense of Liberal Internationalism No territorial gains National self-determination Global economic / social welfare “Freedom from want and fear” Postwar disarmament Ideological Conflict.

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The Good War

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  1. The Good War Western Civilization in the Balance1939-1945

  2. The Atlantic CharterAugust1941- Defense of Liberal Internationalism No territorial gains National self-determination Global economic / social welfare “Freedom from want and fear” Postwar disarmament Ideological Conflict

  3. A. Paralyzed democracy Depression Division Isolation Salvador Dali

  4. 1. Polarization in France - Depression cancels out reform- anti-Semitism, fascism Lèon Blum

  5. 2. British drift - Maintaining Empire - British Union of Fascists Edward VIII

  6. 3. U.S. & the New Deal - 1932: New Deal Coalition-Leftward expansion - Groundwork for prosperityFDR

  7. 4. Totalitarian Europe

  8. B. Appeasement • Rhineland’36- Hitler’s gamble Heinz Guderian • Anschluss’38- Greater Germany

  9. Munich Agreement’38 - Sudetenland - “Peace in our time” Neville Chamberlain

  10. II. War for the Enlightenment If we fail, then the whole world, including the United States, including all that we have known and cared for, will sink into the abyss of a new Dark Age made more sinister, and perhaps more protracted, by the lights of perverted science. - Winston Churchill

  11. A. Early struggles • Fall of France Summer 1940- Vichy Regime Marshall Pétain Collaborationists

  12. 2. Battle of Britain- Churchill May 1940- the “Blitz” Fall 1940

  13. Nazi-Occupied Europe

  14. B. U.S. as global power • Lend-lease March 1941- Atlantic War

  15. 2. Revolution in American Civil Society- War for Idealism- global commitment- FDR’s 4 Freedoms- Liberal Internationalism/ mulit-lateralism 3. United Nations Charter - June 26 1945

  16. C. Domestic liberalism - civil rights - women’s rights • social welfare • Anti-imperialism

  17. III. The New Crusade World War II and the Foundations of the Cold War

  18. “Crusade” against Totalitarian ideologies, not states

  19. A. Stalinization 1. Totalitarianism- mind and body - v. Trotsky

  20. 2. Forced industrialization- 5-Year Plans- Collectivization Liquidation of the kulaks

  21. 3. Comintern 4. Great Purges, 1934-38 “Gulag Archipelago” Solzhenitsyn

  22. 5. Stalin’s foreign policy - Treaty of Rapallo, 1924 - Mutual Non-Aggression Pact, 1939

  23. Stalin’s “Animal Farm”- ideology v. humanity- NKVD “Black Ravens”- Socialist dictatorship 2. Left in crisis George Orwell

  24. B. The Devil You Know 1. War in Russia Battle of Stalingrad, 1942 Battle of Kursk, 1943

  25. 2. Second Front- D-Day

  26. 3. Yalta Conference January 1945

  27. C. The Iron Curtain • Winston Churchill 1946

  28. D. Indirect opposition • 1947 – Truman Doctrine 2. Marshall Plan

  29. 3. “Atomic Diplomacy”

  30. IV. Life in the Atomic Age

  31. A. 1949 • Turning point a. 1948 – Berlin Airlift b. 1949 – China “lost” c. 1949 – Russian bomb d. 1950 – Korean War

  32. B. Idealism to paranoia • McCarthyism- HUAC • Containment- George F. Kennan- NATO Joseph McCarthy

  33. C. War by Proxy • Deterrence / “MAD” 1961- Berlin Wall 1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis

  34. 2. Vietnam- Dien Bien Phu 1954- flexible response JFK

  35. 3. “Our Son-of-a-Bitch”- Cordell Hull Augusto Pinchet Shah of Iran Fulgencio Batista Chiang Kai-shek

  36. D. Détente and divisions • “Monolithic” Communism- Mao Zedong • Suez Crisis 1956

  37. Test Ban / Proliferation Treaties • Nixon in Moscow / China 1972 Cold War as permanent condition

  38. V. End of the Cold War

  39. A. Unrest • Unruly East- Hungary 1956- “Prague Spring” 1968- Poland & Solidarity 1980s- Afghanistan • Economic woes- stagnation, not starvation

  40. B. Neo-Conservatism 1980 - 1989 1. Reagan / Thatcher military strength hostility to “socialist” domestic policies unabashed patriotism

  41. The end of the Cold War is “the end point of mankind's ideological evolution and the universalization of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government.” The End of History and the Last Man- Francis Fukuyama 1992

  42. C. Fall of the Soviet “Empire” 1. Mikhail Gorbachev Glasnost = openness Perestroika = economic / administrative reform 2. 1989 – Lifting the Iron Curtain - Hungary elections- “Velvet” Revolution in Czechoslovakia- Fall of the Berlin Wall

  43. Power and principle- revolution sacrificed for party discipline- standard of living sacrificed for military preparedness Marxian Revolution never pans out- pragmatism- capitalism

  44. North-South Divide • Population / resources

  45. New ideological conflict?- Islamic Nationalism neo-colonialism / Israeli-Palestinian conflict - “Islamists” rejection of “secular” values Gulf (Iraq) Wars

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