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Enhancing Seismic Performance of Masonry Houses in Developing Countries: Overseas Organizations' Activities for BRI Proj

This research examines the activities of overseas organizations working to improve the seismic performance of masonry houses in developing countries. It identifies obstacles to implementing these techniques and provides insights for the formulation of BRI projects.

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Enhancing Seismic Performance of Masonry Houses in Developing Countries: Overseas Organizations' Activities for BRI Proj

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  1. Overseas Organizations’ Activities to Improve Seismic Performance of Masonry Houses in Developing CountriesAs a reference for BRI project formulation Satoru OBA Research Institute for Urban & Environmental Development, Japan

  2. Research Background/Purpose • General perceptions • Traditional masonry houses have weaknesses in seismic resistance. • In spite of efforts to strengthen these houses, proposed techniques have not used widely. • Gathering information (through internet) on the activities of overseas organizations • concerning their achievements, encountered problem, and so on As a reference for the formulation of BRI project

  3. Organizations Being Researched • International/Multi-National Organizations • Bi-Lateral Aid Agencies • Academic/Professional Societies • Universities/Research Institutes/ Information Centers • Others doing international activities • NGOs, Companies, Conferences, Networks Many Organizations are acting variously.

  4. Five ProjectsBeing Looked into Some Detail

  5. Project 1:Ceresis/GTZ/PUCP Project early-late ‘90s Ceresis: Regional Seismology Center for South America GTZ: German Agency for Technical CooperationPUCP: Pontifical Catholic University of Peru • Targeted Buildings • Adobe (existing) • Technical Solutions • Reinforcing walls • electro-welded wire mesh + cement mortal • Dissemination Methods • demonstration houses • manuals • DVDs • trainings/workshops

  6. Project 2:IDRC/PUCP Project middle ‘80s-late ‘90s IDRC: International Development Research Centre (Canada) • Targeted Buildings • Adobe （new） • Quincha (new) mud +wood • Technical Solutions • Reinforcing walls • cane & wood + cement mortal • Dissemination Methods • demonstration houses • manuals • pamphlets/booklets • videos • trainings/workshops • radio shows

  7. 2003-ongoing Project 3:IAEE/EERI Tutorial (on the Web) IAEE: International Association for Earthquake Engineering EERI: Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (USA) • Targeted Buildings • Adobe (new & existing) • Other masonry buildings, etc. • Technical Solutions（Adobe） • Reinforcing walls • reinforcement with any ductile material • ring beam • buttresses & pilasters, etc. • Quality Management • materials & construction • Building Form Planning • squat & single story • small windows • regular & compact plan, etc. • Dissemination Method • tutorials (on the Web)

  8. Project 4:World Bank/METU Project 2004 METU: Middle East Technical University (Turkey) • Targeted Buildings • Masonry (existing) • Technical Solutions • Reinforcing walls • scrap-tires • Dissemination Methods • posters • pamphlets/booklets • website • trainings/workshops

  9. focusing on 2001-ongoing activities Project 5:NICEE/IITK Activities NICEE: National Information Center of Earthquake Engineering(India) IITK: Indian Institutes of Technology, Kampur • Targeted Buildings • Masonry (new & existing) • Technical Solutions • Reinforcing walls • ring beam • protecting window corners, etc. • Quality Management • materials & construction • Dissemination Methods • Earthquake Tips（on website; in newspapers & journals） • trainings/workshops • acquiring & disseminating latest professional information • e-conference

  10. Research Findings 1Substantial Accumulation of Efforts on Technical Development & Dissemination • Various techniques have been developed. • Their seismic performance has been proved. • Affordability and technical simplicity have been sought. • e.g., scrap-tires = US$100, wire mesh = US$400/housing unit • Various methods/tools have been used to disseminate. • methods/tools used in the five examples • translation of useful foreign manuals (e.g., IIEA 1986 Manual) • demonstration of improvement effect (e.g., UNCRD shake table demo） • international networks for collaboration/information sharing （World Housing Encyclopedia） However, new techniques haven’t been used as expected.

  11. obstacles possible breakthrough shortage of researchers (worldwide) Intnl. research network shortageofengineerslearnedseismicdesign continuing education expensive information access cost unreachable of LDC professionals low-costinformationprovision (e.g.,Web,informationcenter) peoples’ lack of knowledge on earthquake and their disregard for risk quakeareas’keystakeholders exchangingknowledgeintnlly. popular perception inhibiting improvement =traditionalmaterialsinferiortomodern ones ? enormous amount of informal housing ? priority on not disaster mitigation but poverty issues (food, shelter, health, education) ? insufficientsupporttothepoor(lowcostloan） ? publicsector’sneglecttorevisecodesandto diffuse techniques ? (good governance & PPP) private sector’s disregard of codes ? (good governance & PPP) no established method in effective diffusion ? Research Findings 2Various Challenging Obstacles to Dissemination

  12. Thank You.

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