Ch. 14 The House Divided

1. Ch. 14 The House Divided 1846-1861

2. John Brown • Father of 20 children, a drifter of sorts that has a rough life. • Anti slavery advocate, killed 5 pro-slavery men in Kansas May 24, 1856. • October 16, 1859 led an assault on Harpers Ferry, Virginia, but was captured by Robert E Lee and his forces. • Brown proved to the south that people in the North would try and start a slave rebellion. • The mason Dixon line divided the country and it was worse than any political party.

3. The bitter Fruits of War • Country grew by 1.2 million square miles. From What? • What happened in California and Colorado? • What is Comstock Lode? And where is it located? • Laws dealing with slavery.. Northwest Ordinance, Louisiana Purchase, Missouri compromise 1820. • The issues of slavery in new territories was left up to congress.

4. Territories and Slavery • Wilmot Proviso- David Wilmot plan for free labor and no slavery in the west., BUT he called for it to be “white free land not for negros” This brought to light that Northerner’s were against blacks not just slavery. • John C. Calhoun was for slave states in the west to keep the numbers equal to Free states. The battle raged on. • Lewis Cass Popular sovereignty plan, territories would vote on slave or free. The question became at what point in their statehood.

5. Election of 1848 • Democrats nominate Lewis Cass, Whigs nominate War here Zachary Taylor. Neither party had slavery on their platform. • Charles Sumner starts the “Free Soil Party” a group of both whigs and democrats that were anti-slavery. • Free soil party nominates Martin Van Buren as candidate. • Zachary Taylor wins the election, free soil party did not even carry a state.

6. The compromise of 1850 • Taylor wants to add California and New Mexico as free states. • Henry Clay wants to add California free but let slaves stay in other areas until decided, but strengthen the fugitive slave law. • John Calhoun states by adding California you kill the equality and the south will secede. • Daniel Webster called for a compromise. • Omnibus Bill- was the compromise, but it was voted down. • Compromise of 1850- California free state, New Mexico and Utah territories decide by vote, Texas gets 10 mil for Boundary with New Mexico, Slave trade ended in DC. Millard Filmore approves. He is president since Taylor died.

7. Fugitive Slave Act • Slave owner were allowed to enter free states to retrieve their property. • Harriet Tubman underground railroad. • To retrieve a slave had to appear in front of a commission and claim that slave, all men were supposed to assist in capture of slave. • The north started trying to free slaves into Canada and south complained they were not following Compromise.

8. Uncle Toms Cabin • Harriet Beecher Stowe, wrote the novel, she was never on a plantation. • The book sold 2 mil copies and hit the heart of the free north. • Because of here writing more literature comes out about slave life. • Southerner’s denounced Stowe and her book as wrongful accounts as she had no first hand knowledge of slave life.

9. Kansas- Nebraska Act • Franklin Pierce wins election and ends the Whig party as a successful party. • Wants Cuba, but North says no because of slavery. • Gadsden purchase, bought Arizona and present day New Mexico from Mexico for 15 mil. • Wants to build transcontinental railroad through the south. • Stephen Douglas creates Nebraska, and throws Indians out, and making it a territory, but had to be free under Missouri compromise. • Gets passed with Kansas and Nebraska where they will decide by vote to be free or slave.

10. Political parties • Anti-Immigrant party that had lots of success at the state level was called the American party, or know nothing party. • Anti-slavery group called the Republicans come out after the Kansas- Nebraska act. • Election of 1856: Republicans- John C Fremont, Democrats- James Buchanan, Know nothings- Millard Fillmore. • Buchanan wins, but Republicans make huge strides.

11. Bleeding Kansas • 2 Legislatures form in Kansas, one free and one slave. Could not get along and the guns come out. • May 21, 1856 Proslavery raid on Lawrence Kansas. • John Brown kills 5 in Pottawatomie. • Charles Sumner is beat by Preston Brook in the capital building. • Guerilla warfare breaks out.

12. Dred Scott vs Stanford • Supreme court case that stated Dred Scott was not free even though he was taken to free states. • Stated Blacks were not considered citizens but property. • Court also stated they could not exclude slavery in territories. • This actually strengthens the republican party. • Dred Scott eventually bought and freed, but dies a year later.

13. Lincoln vs Douglas • These two face off for a senate seat in Illinois. • These two had heated debates about slavery. • Lincoln believed slavery would die off in the south, but Douglas Kansas-Nebraska act allowed slavery to grow. • Douglas barely wins, but Lincoln steps on the big stage. • Lincoln 6’4, douglas 5’6

14. Election of 1860 • Douglas vs Lincoln # 2 this time for President. • Democrats have a split in their party which allows Lincoln to win the election. • Because of Lincolns win, in 1860 South Carolina secedes. • Feb 4, 1861 South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas created the Confederate states of America and named Jefferson Davis as president.