Invert Quiz

1. Invert Quiz

2. Question 1 • T/F – 97% of all animals are invertebrates.

3. Question 2 • What is the name for a true body cavity? • A. protosome • B. coelom • C. bilateral • D. germ layer

4. Question 3 • ________ embryonic development is more complex because the head and mouth develop second. • A. protostome B. Deuterostome

5. Question 4 • Which phylum is described by the following: 2 germ layers, stinging cells called cniodcytes, 2 way digestion, radial symmetry. • A. Porifera • B. Cnidaria • C. Platyhelminthes • D. Nematoda

6. Question 5 • Which worm phylum is described by the following: pseudocoelom, bilateral symmetry, parasitic, round worm. • A. Porifera • B. Cnidaria • C. PlatyhelminthesD. Nematoda

7. Question 6 • Which phylum is described by the following: coelom, cephalization, internal or external shell, ex: octopus and clam. • A. Annelida • B. Mollusca • C. ArthropodaD. Echinodermata

8. Question 7 • Which phylum is described by the following: coelom, complete digestive tract, pumping vessels, hermaphroditic, ex: earthworm. • A. AnnelidaB. MolluscaC. ArthropodaD. Echinodermata

9. Question 8 • Which phylum is described by the following: coelom, exoskeleton, jointed appendages, largest phylum of invertebrates. • A. Annelida • B. Mollusca • C. Arthropoda • D. Echinodermata

10. Question 9 • Which phylum of animals is most closely related to Chordata (vertebrates) because of their deuterostome development and endoskeleton? • A. Annelida • B. Mollusca • C. Arthropoda • D. Echinodermata

11. Question 10 • Which of the following is MOST complex? • A. pseudocolem • B. radial symmetry • C. 2 germ layers • D. cephalization

12. Answers

13. Question 1 • T/F – 97% of all animals are invertebrates.

14. Question 2 • What is the name for a true body cavity? • A. protosome • B. coelom • C. bilateral • D. germ layer

15. Question 3 • ________ embryonic development is more complex because the head and mouth develop second. • A. protostome B. Deuterostome

16. Question 4 • Which phylum is described by the following: 2 germ layers, stinging cells called cniodcytes, 2 way digestion, radial symmetry. • A. Porifera • B. Cnidaria • C. Platyhelminthes • D. Nematoda

17. Question 5 • Which worm phylum is described by the following: pseudocoelom, bilateral symmetry, parasitic, round worm. • A. Porifera • B. Cnidaria • C. PlatyhelminthesD. Nematoda

18. Question 6 • Which phylum is described by the following: coelom, cephalization, internal or external shell, ex: octopus and clam. • A. Annelida • B. Mollusca • C. ArthropodaD. Echinodermata

19. Question 7 • Which phylum is described by the following: coelom, complete digestive tract, pumping vessels, hermaphroditic, ex: earthworm. • A. AnnelidaB. MolluscaC. ArthropodaD. Echinodermata

20. Question 8 • Which phylum is described by the following: coelom, exoskeleton, jointed appendages, largest phylum of invertebrates. • A. Annelida • B. Mollusca • C. Arthropoda • D. Echinodermata

21. Question 9 • Which phylum of animals is most closely related to Chordata (vertebrates) because of their deuterostome development and endoskeleton? • A. Annelida • B. Mollusca • C. Arthropoda • D. Echinodermata

22. Question 10 • Which of the following is MOST complex? • A. pseudocolem • B. radial symmetry • C. 2 germ layers • D. cephalization

23. Chordates Chordate Example: Mrs. Holden’s 17 year old childhood pet cat “Mookie” (class Mammalia) after a trip to the groomer for a “lion cut”…

24. Trends in animal evolution- as animals get more advanced they have more features than the prior phylum

25. PHYLUM CHORDATA • 4 characteristics present AT SOME TIME during life cycle 1. Dorsal, hollow nerve cord 2. Notochord – long, supportive rod, below nerve cord* 3. Pharyngeal gill slits – in neck or throat region 4. Post-anal tail – extends beyond anus

26. Nonvertebrate Chordates • Two groups do NOT have backbones: 1. Tunicates: filter feeders, larval form has chordate characteristics, adults do not 2. Lancelets: small, fish-like, live on sandy ocean bottom

27. Chordate Origins • Many studies suggest that the most ancient chordates were closely related to echinoderms

28. Most Chordates are Vertebrates… • Vertebrate: a chordate that has a strong supporting structure called the vertebral column or backbone which is made up of bony or cartilaginous vertebrae • In vertebrates, the dorsal, hollow nerve cord is the spinal cord • Vertebrates have an endoskeleton which grows as the org grows, and is made up of living cells which produce non-living material

29. Chordate Diversity

30. PHYLUM CHORDATA – 7 CLASSES • CLASS AGNATHA – jawless fish • CLASS CHONDRICHTHYES – cartilaginous fish • CLASS OSTEICHTHYES – bony fish • CLASS AMPHIBIA - amphibians • CLASS REPTILIA - reptiles • CLASS AVES - birds • CLASS MAMMALIA - mammals

31. Figure 34.8 A hagfish Agnatha

32. Figure 34.11 Cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes): Great white shark (top left), silky shark (top right), southern stingray (bottom left), blue spotted stingray (bottom right) Chondrichthyes

33. Figure 34.13 Anatomy of a trout, a representative ray-finned fish Osteichthyes

34. Figure 34.18 “Dual life” of a frog (Rana temporaria) Amphibia

35. Figure 34.24 Extant reptiles: Desert tortoise (top left), lizard (top right), king snake (bottom left), alligators (bottom right) Reptilia

36. Figure 31–14 The Anatomy of a Pigeon Section 31-2 Aves Brain Esophagus Lung When a bird eats, food moves down the esophagus and is stored in the crop. Heart 1 Kidney Crop Air sac Liver Moistened food passes to the stomach, a two-part chamber. The first chamber secretes acid and enzymes. The partially digested food moves to the second chamber, the gizzard. 2 Firstchamberof stomach Pancreas Large intestine Gizzard Smallintestine Undigested food is excreted through the cloaca. Cloaca 5 The muscular walls of the gizzard squeeze the contents, while small stones grind the food. 3 As digestion continues, the food moves through the intestines. 4

37. Figure 34.37 Apes: Gibbon (top left), orangutan (top right), gorilla (bottom left), chimpanzee (bottom right) Mammalia

38. Evolutionary Trends in Vertebrates • From Water to Land • Land specific adaptations • Overcome problems posed by living on land • From Simple to Complex • More organized systems • More efficient systems • Increase in size of systems • Appearance of successful adaptations – such as jaws and paired appendages – has launched adaptive radiations in chordate groups

39. Temperature Control in Chordates Notice as the environment temperature changes, so does the temperature for certain ectotherms Fish, Amphibians

40. The Digestive System of Chordates Note differences between carnivores and herbivores! Which has a straighter track? Which has a larger liver? Which has a longer intestine?

41. Chordate Respiration • Aquatic chordates – gills • Land vertebrates - lungs

42. Chordate Circulation • Those that use gills for respiration have a single-loop circulatory system • Blood travels from the heart to the gills, then to the rest of the body, and back to the heart in one circuit • Those that use lungs for respiration have a double-loop circulatory system • 1st loop carries blood between the heart and lungs, oxygen poor blood from the heart is pumped to the lungs, while oxygen rich blood from the lungs returns to the heart • 2nd loop carries blood between the heart and the body – oxygen rich blood from the heart is pumped to the body, while oxygen poor blood from the body returns to the heart

43. Single-LoopCirculatory System Double-Loop Circulatory System FISHES MOST REPTILES CROCODILIANS, BIRDS,AND MAMMALS Circulatory Systems of Vertebrates Which type of heart prevents oxygen poor blood from mixing with oxygen rich blood?

44. Chordate Hearts • Chambers and partitions that help separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood traveling in the circulatory system • Gilled vertebrates: 2 chambered hearts • Amphibians: 3 chambered hearts • Reptiles: 3 chambered hearts with partitions • Birds, mammals, crocodiles: 4 chambered hearts that are completely partitioned

45. Chordate Excretion • How to get rid of wastes without losing too much water? • Fishes and aquatic amphibians: • Excrete ammonia directly from gills, skin via diffusion • Mammals, land amphibians, and cartilaginous fishes: • Ammonia is changed into urea before excreted using kidneys • Reptiles and birds:* saves most water • Ammonia is changed into uric acid before excretion through kidneys

46. Chordate Response • Nonvertebrate chordates have a relatively simple nervous system with a mass of nerve cells that form a brain • Vertebrates have a more complex brain with distinct regions, each with a different function

47. Chordate Movement • Nonvertebrate chordates lack bones but have muscles for movement • The skeletal and muscular systems support a vertebrate’s body and make it possible to control movement

48. Chordate Reproduction • Oviparous (eggs develop outside mother’s body) • Unprotected egg • Most fishes and amphibians • Amniotic egg • Some reptiles, birds • Ovoviviparous (eggs develop within the mother’s body) • Sharks, some reptiles • Viviparous (born alive)* most advanced • Most mammals