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Depreciation

Depreciation. Chapter 4. Depreciation. Allocating the expense of a resource which lasts > 1 year. e.g. tractors, barns, bulls, fences. Calculation Need to know: 1. Purchase Price – Cost 2. Useful Life – Life 3. Salvage Value – S.V. 4. Depreciation Method – Meth .

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Depreciation

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  1. Depreciation Chapter 4

  2. Depreciation • Allocating the expense of a resource which lasts > 1 year. • e.g. tractors, barns, bulls, fences. • Calculation • Need to know: • 1. Purchase Price – Cost • 2. Useful Life – Life • 3. Salvage Value – S.V. • 4. Depreciation Method – Meth

  3. Depreciation Methods: Straight Line • Annual Depreciation = (cost-salvage value) /useful life Or • Annual Depreciation = (cost–salvage value)*R • Where R is the annual straight- line percentage rate found by dividing 100% by the useful life (100% / useful life)

  4. Depreciation Methods: Sum of the Year’s Digits (SOYD) • Annual Depreciation = (cost-salvage value) * RL/ SOYD Where • RL= remaining years of useful life as of the beginning of the year for which depreciation is being computed. • SOYD= sum of all the number from 1 through the estimated useful life. For example for a 5-year useful life, SOYD would be 1+2+3+4+5=15 and it would be 55 for a 10 year useful life. • Highest the first year and then declines by a constant amount after.

  5. Depreciation Method: Declining Balance • Annual Depreciation is = (Book Value at Beginning of Year) * R Where • R is a constant percentage value or rate. • A variation on this is double declining balance. • Can’t have a zero salvage value.

  6. Depreciation Method: Partial Year Depreciation • For an asset purchase during the year the depreciation should be prorated for the amount of time that asset was used during the year.

  7. Income Tax Depreciation • Current system is called MACRS • Assumptions: • An implied salvage value of zero • One-half year of depreciation allowed in the year of purchase regardless of the purchase date (some exceptions) • A system of property classes which fixes the useful life for each type of property.

  8. Income Tax Depreciation • 3-,5-,7-,10-,15-, or 20- year classes Examples • 3-year: breeding hogs • 5-year: cars, pickups, breeding cattle and sheep, dairy cattle, computers, trucks. • 7-year: most farm machinery and equipment, fences, grain bins, silos, office furniture • 10-year: Single purpose agricultural and horticulture structures such as confinement swine facilities and green houses as well as trees bearing fruits or nuts. • 15-year: water wells, paved lots, drainage tile. • 20-year: general-purpose buildings such as machine sheds and hay barns

  9. Income Tax Depreciation • Rates are now based on the 150% declining balance method. • An example for a 5-year class of property 15% 25.5% 17.85% 16.66% 16.66% 8.33% • Notice it’s 6 years. Get only a half year the first year and a half the last.

  10. Valuation of Assets • It is necessary to determine the value of assets • Tax-purpose • Profit/ Income purposes

  11. 1. Market Value • Current market price • “Fair Market Value” • Could or will be sold in short period of time • Ex: Stocks, bonds, cattle, hay, grain

  12. 2. Cost • Valued at their original cost • This method works well for items that have to be purchased frequently. • eg. Supplies, feed, fertilizer • Items that lose value over time should not be valued with this method

  13. 3. Lower of Cost or Market • Value it at both and take the lower. • Minimizes change of placing too high a value on any item. Truck Price increases > $12,000 (inflation) Cost $12,000 Anything lower is market value.

  14. 4. Farm Production Cost • Items produced on farm can be valued at their production costs. • ie. Corn used for feeding. No opportunity costs *Conservative Valuation.

  15. 5. Cost Less Depreciation • Original cost less depreciation • Machinery, buildings, fences, breeding livestock • Resulting value commonly termed book value.

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