NIAID - NIH Training Career Development Awards

1. NIAID - NIHTraining & Career Development Awards Joana Rosario, M.D., M.P.H. Deputy Director Basic Science Program Division of AIDS

3. Related Questions Are funding choices aligned to needs? Is there a deficit of certain types of researchers - MD, PhD, DVM? Or in specific scientific areas - Clinical, Omics, BioD, informatics, systems biology? Are these deficits more pronounced in early, mid-, or late career? Do we need to help people discover their research potential (or lack thereof) sooner? Do we train the world (non-US citizens)? Are those funded today a good fit in the future?

4.  2006 NIAID Training & Career Awards 

5. Formal Pipeline - (2006) $54M in Training awards 189 T32 grants & 175 F awards 1229 F& T32 trainees: 628 predocs 601 postdocs (about 40% MDs) $38M in Career Development Awards 309 trainees (7 K mechanisms) 230 MD or MD/PhD 59 PhD (half in K22) 20 DVM 127 �New Investigator� R01/year (NIAID specific)

6. Informal Pipeline - Paid by Grants 3000 R01 + 37 Merit Awards + 100 P01 Estimated 3500 supported positions At 5-year turnover, about 700 on market/year Some estimates place trainees at double that Other institutional & non-NIH sources of funding add hundreds more More unstable as PIs lose grant support

9. General Principles

10. Training Grants (Ts) National Research Service Award (NRSA) Legislated program since 1974 Domestic institutions only Multi-slot awards: Basic and/or Clinical Pre- & Postdocs in any scientific area Trainees work in a Mentor�s lab MDs, PhDs, DVMs

11. Fellowships (Fs): NRSA - National Research Service Award Legislated program since 1974 Individual awards under a mentor Training at domestic or foreign institutions Pre- & Postdocs in any scientific area Basic or clinical (mostly basic) MDs or PhDs (mostly PhDs)

12. Career Development Awards (Ks) Individual awards Some mentored others not More senior award than fellowship Mostly MDs K22 and K99/R00 are transition awards From training positions to faculty appointments

13. Budget Issues: Ts & Fs come from �Training� budget line Fixed Congressional scrutiny (�why should we give you more training money when we know you train thousands on R01s?�) Ks come from �Other� budget line Funds can NOT be transferred from one category to the other

14. Mechanisms of Support

15. Training Grants (T32s) - Institutional Some all predoc, some all postdoc, some mixture of both Tuition & Trainees - no PI/administrator salaries, no equipment 60% of tuition capped at $16,000 ($21K for MDs/PhDs) Stipends - $20,772 predocs; $36,996 (level 0); $51,036 (level 7) Training Expenses - staff salaries, equipment & supplies $4,200 pre- & $7,850 postdoc both including health insurance Travel - $400-$1,000/yr F&A at 8% of Modified Total Direct Costs

16. F31- RK NRSA Award for Individual Predoctoral Fellowship to Promote Diversity in Health-Related Research Predoc fellowship for: Underrepresented minorities Students with disabilities Students from disadvantaged backgrounds Can NOT change research scope, mentor or sponsoring institution without prior NIH approval! 60% of tuition capped at $16,000 ($21K for MDs/PhDs) Stipends - $20,772/yr Training Related Expenses- $4,200 includes health insurance Travel- $400-$1,000/yr

17. F32 � NRSA Postdoc Fellowship Can NOT change the research scope, mentor or sponsoring institution without NIH prior approval! Stipends- $36,996 (level 0) - $51,036 (level 7) Training Related Expenses- $7,850 includes health insurance Travel - $400-$1,000/year

18. F33 - Senior Postdoc Fellowship Associate or Full Professors (MDs or PhDs) who want to go off on a sabbatical Not for postdocs who have been postdocs a long time!! Few applicants - too little money Stipend - $51,036 Training Related Expenses - $7,850 includes health insurance Travel - $400-$1,000/year

19. K01- Mentored Research Scientist Development Award Restricted to epidemiology, biostatistical modeling, and outcomes research MDs or PhDs 3 - 5 years Salary - $75,000/ yr + Fringe Benefits Research Support - $25,000/yr F&A at 8% of Modified Total Direct Costs

20. K02 - Independent Scientist Award �Senior� Assistant Professor or �junior� Associate Professor Close to, or just got promoted and tenured Must have independent grant support Best award to have: R01 Mostly PhDs, very few MDs Salary support only - $75,000/yr + Fringe Benefits 3 to 5 yrs F&A at 8% of Total Direct Costs Relatively few applicants MUST give up salary support from all other NIH grants during the K02!

21. K08 - Mentored Clinical Scientist Development AwardK23 - Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award K08 - basic research project 3 yrs for more senior individual 5 yrs for more junior individual: must justify 2 yr �didactic� phase Research support - $20,000/yr K23 - clinical/patient-oriented project Research Support: - $25,000/yr Salary: $75,000/yr + Fringe Benefits F&A at 8% of Modified Total Direct Costs

22. K24 - Mid-Career Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research Goals: Protected time for clinicians to focus on patient-oriented research; AND To act as research mentors for junior clinicians 3 - 5 yrs MDs 25-50% at institutional salary rate (maximum Congressionally-mandated) + Fringe Benefits Research Development Support - $50,000 F&A at 8% of Modified Total Direct Costs

23. K25- Mentored Quantitative Research Development Award Individuals with quantitative background to use their expertise in biomedicine: engineers, mathematicians, computer scientists, etc NOT for individuals who are already working in a biomedical or epidemiological area 3 - 5 yrs Salary - $75,000 + Fringe Benefits Research Support - $20,000 F&A at 8% of Modified Total Direct Costs

24. K22 Research Scholar Development Award Postdoc transitioning to Assistant Professor Two-phase application Phase 1 Scientific merit No institution identified yet Fundable score - 1yr to find an Assistant Professor position Phase 2 Assistant Professor Own lab Significant start-up funds from institution Little teaching No administrative responsibilities Goal � get an independent award

25. K99/R00 Pathway to Independence Award Postdoc transitioning to Assistant Professor Citizenship or green card not required Unique and new feature for a K award!! Has a mentored phase (K99) and an independent phase (R00) Extremely competitive! NIAID committed to only 6 awards/yr Rationale: There is another successful and cheaper transition award (K22)

26. 2006/07 � NIAID, NCI & NHLBI K99/R00

27. K22 & K99/R00 Awards  NEW MECHANISMS K22 Postdoc transitioning to Assistant Professor 2 yr award No mentored phase Funds when becoming Assistant Professor $250K + 8% F&A costs $270K Total Cost K99/R00 Postdoc transitioning to Assistant Professor 3 yr award 1 yr mentored K phase ($90K/yr) 2 yr independent R phase ($249K/yr TC) When becoming Assistant Professor - No peer review $574K Total Cost (note TC in R00)

29. NIAID Training Advice Websitewww.niaid.nih.gov/ncn/training/default.htm

30. Support Outcomes

31. 1986 F32 & T32 trainees Background Previous data suggested that F trainees applied for more grants and received more awards than T trainees OSPRT recently conducted a study with 1986 trainees Assumption: A postdoc trained in 1986 should have established a research career by 2006 OSPRT studied: Grant applications submitted by 1986 trainees; and Awards received by the same trainees

32. Class of 1986 - Research applications

33. K08 & K23 Awarded in FY 2000Grant Applications/Awards by FY 2007