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Portland Cement Association Manufacturing Technical Committee Meeting May 19, 2008

2. Project Overview. Purpose: To investigate a potential new market avenue for CKD as a reuse material . . 3. . Research at Dalhousie University. . Dalhousie University Founded in 1818 in Halifax, Nova Scotia Atlantic Canada's leading research centre $115M annual R

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Portland Cement Association Manufacturing Technical Committee Meeting May 19, 2008

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    1. 1 Portland Cement Association Manufacturing Technical Committee Meeting May 19, 2008

    2. 2 Project Overview Purpose: To investigate a potential new market avenue for CKD as a reuse material

    3. 3 Research at Dalhousie University

    4. 4 Task 1: Literature Review and Market Assessment Initial report completed in 2007 Broad overview of treatment methods for various types wastewater Focused on use of lime for chemical precipitation of target contaminants Market assessment found that most promising application is in mine effluent treatment Lime neutralisation with quicklime most widely applied treatment method Metal commodities in demand/prices high, WW volumes are large & environmental discharge concerns

    5. 5 Proposed CKD Reuse Application

    6. 6 Task 2: CKD Characterization Study CKD sampled from six different plants: Lafarge Canada Inc: Brookfield, NS Ash Grove Cement Company: Clancy, MT St. Lawrence Cement: Juliette, QC Lafarge North America: Alpena, MI Cemex Inc: Xenia, OH Cemex Inc: Knoxville, TN Quicklime (CaO): Laboratory grade Commercial vendor

    7. 7 Analysis of Major Oxides

    8. 8

    9. 9 Variation in base properties can depend on: Raw material used in cement production process Kiln type and performance (long wet/ long dry/ preheated kiln) Gas velocities in kiln Dust collection system (bag house, electrostatic) Potential impact to reuse of CKD as chemical precipitant

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    13. 13 Task 1: Literature Review & Market Assessment Proposal for literature review submitted on application of S/S technology for treatment of mine tailings (CAC) Results would parallel with objectives of this study in terms of assessing market potential for commercial applications Task 2: CKD Characterization Study Base properties: particle size & surface area Slaking Experiments: Temperature reactivity tests Possible blending trials (CKD & commercial quicklime) Summer 2008

    14. 14 Task 3: Bench-Scale Chemical Conditioning Trials Focus will be on CKD treatment applications for mine effluents 100% CKD vs Quicklime vs Blend Ratios Experiments will start in Sept. 2008

    15. 15 Portland Cement Association & Cement Association of Canada Colin Dickson, CD, PEng: Director Business Development, CAC Richard Bohan, PE Director Education and Technical Services, PCA CKD suppliers (Lafarge Canada Inc, Ash Grove Cement Company, St. Lawrence Cement, Lafarge North America, Cemex Inc) Chris Petrie, EIT Xstrata Zinc/Brunswick Mine, Bathurst, NB

    16. 16

    17. 17

    18. 18 Task 2: CKD Characterization Study

    19. 19 CKD Oxide Comparison

    20. 20 Previous Published Work Peethamparan et al., 2008

    21. 21 Previous Published Work Todres et al., 1992

    22. 22 SEM of CKD Samples

    23. 23 Factors Affecting Slaking & Product Quality Surface area of CaO particles Slaking temperature: Ideal 210F (99C) vs Practice 160-180F (71-82C) Lime to water ratio: Maintain constant temperature Agitation: Maintains temperature and prevents drowning or unhydrated particles Slaking Time: Varies between 2 30 minutes Water Temperature: Solubility increases as temperature decreases

    24. 24 Current CKD Reuse Applications

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