Standard Precautions: Who, What, When, Where, & Why

1. Standard Precautions:Who, What, When, Where, & Why Illinois CTE Curriculum Revitalization Initiative Health Science and Technology

2. Do you know how to protect yourself and others from infection? IL CTE- Health Science & Technology

3. Do you know what to do if you come in contact with blood? IL CTE- Health Science & Technology

4. Two Types of Isolation Precautions • These are precautions that prevent the spread of contagious or communicable diseases • diseases caused by pathogens that spread easily • Include standard precautions and transmission-based precautions. IL CTE- Health Science & Technology

5. Standard Precautions • Rules developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). • Every body fluid must be considered a potentially infectious material, and all patients must be considered potential sources of infection, regardless of their disease or diagnosis. • Standard precautions must be observed while working with all patients because health care providers may contact blood, body fluids, secretions and excretions such as mucus, sputum, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, feces, vomitus, amniotic fluid, semen, and vaginal secretions; mucous membranes; and non-intact skin. IL CTE- Health Science & Technology

6. Blood • The fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins of a vertebrate animal, carrying nourishment and oxygen to, and bringing waste products from, all parts of the body IL CTE- Health Science & Technology

7. Mucus • A viscid, slippery secretion that is usually rich in mucins and is produced by mucous membranes, which it moistens and protects IL CTE- Health Science & Technology

8. Sputum • The matter discharged from the air passages in diseases of the lungs, bronchi, or upper respiratory tract; it contains mucus and often pus, blood, fibrin, or bacterial products IL CTE- Health Science & Technology

9. Saliva • A slightly alkaline secretion of water, mucin, protein, salts, and often a starch-splitting enzyme (such as ptyalin) that is secreted into the mouth by salivary glands, lubricates ingested food, and often begins the breakdown of starches IL CTE- Health Science & Technology

10. Cerebrospinal fluid • A liquid comparable to serum but contains less dissolved material that is secreted from the blood into the lateral ventricles of the brain by the choroid plexus, circulates through the ventricles to the spaces between the meninges about the brain and spinal cord, and is resorbed into the blood through the subarachnoid sinuses; it serves chiefly to maintain uniform pressure within the brain and spinal cord (also called spinal fluid or CSF) IL CTE- Health Science & Technology

11. Urine • Waste material that is secreted by the kidney, is rich in end products (such as urea, uric acid, and creatinine) of protein metabolism together with salts and pigments, and forms a clear amber and usually slightly acidic fluid IL CTE- Health Science & Technology

12. Feces • Bodily waste discharged through the anus IL CTE- Health Science & Technology

13. Vomitus • Stomach contents disgorged through the mouth (also called vomit) IL CTE- Health Science & Technology

14. Amniotic Fluid • The serous fluid in which the embryo and fetus is suspended within the amnion www.scienceclarified.com IL CTE- Health Science & Technology

15. Semen • A viscid, whitish fluid of the male reproductive tract consisting of spermatozoa suspended in secretions of accessory glands (such as the prostate and Cowper’s glands) IL CTE- Health Science & Technology

16. Vaginal Secretions • The process of segregating, elaborating, and releasing some material either functionally specialized or isolated for excretion from the vagina IL CTE- Health Science & Technology

17. Non-intact Skin • Skin with open breaks IL CTE- Health Science & Technology

18. Interstitial fluid • Liquid that fills the space between most of the cells of the body IL CTE- Health Science & Technology

19. Pleural fluid • Liquid that surrounds the lungs IL CTE- Health Science & Technology

20. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) • The clothing or equipment wornby an employee for protection against a hazard IL CTE- Health Science & Technology

21. Airborne • Particles that float in the air IL CTE- Health Science & Technology

22. Droplet • A small drop of fluid IL CTE- Health Science & Technology

23. Contact Precautions • Rules that must be followed for any patients known or suspected to be infected with microorganisms that can be transmitted by either direct or indirect contact IL CTE- Health Science & Technology

24. Prevention of the Transmission of Disease • Health care facility’s infection control program • Immunization of health care workers • Training of health care personnel • Policies and procedures for device- and procedure-oriented services • Reporting and tracking of the transmission of disease by the CDC • Provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, gowns, lab coats, masks, and face shields in appropriate sizes and in accessible locations IL CTE- Health Science & Technology

25. Prevention of the Transmission of Disease • Provision of adequate hand-washing facilities and supplies • Identification of jobs with high-risk exposure • Provision of medical care and evaluation for any employee who has an exposure incident • Provision of appropriate waste and disposal containers and guidelines for disposal • Enforcement of rules of no eating, drinking, smoking, applying cosmetics or lip balms, handling contact lenses, and mouth-pipetting or suctioning in any area that can be potentially contaminated. IL CTE- Health Science & Technology