Anti-Corruption Programming

1. Anti-Corruption Programming Role of UNDP in Supporting UNCAC ImplementationsRegional CoP Workshop – The Arab RegionBeirut, Lebanon, 27-30 July, 2008 Phil Matsheza (phil.matsheza@undp.org ), Anti-corruption Advisor & Anga Timilsina (anga.timilsina@undp.org), Research Analyst Democratic Governance Group (DGG), Bureau for Development Policy (BDP), UNDP

2. Anti-Corruption Programming What is common between Judo and anti-corruption programming? “Combating Corruption is like Judo. Instead of bluntly resisting the criminal forces, one must redirect the enemy's energy to its own decay”. --Dr. Johann Graf Lambsdorff, Univ. of Passau, Germany Implication: In AC-programming, national counterparts should be involved more effectively to tackle their own problem

3. Anti-Corruption Strategy • Combating corruption requires a holistic approach that addresses the many causes, facets and structural issues that corruption entails Common Strategic Challenges • Political will (credible leadership) • Entry points • Sustainability • Resources and expertise

4. Programming Areas • UNDP Global Thematic Programme on Anti-Corruption for Development Effectiveness (PACDE) • Outcome areas outlined in the UNDP AC Global Programme

5. Programming Areas (Contd.) 1. Potential AC interventions to increase state/institutional capacity to respond to UNCAC and to improve governance: Example: AC Advisory Service to Pakistan and Bangladesh • Training to national counterparts on AC and UNCAC • Anti-corruption technical and advisory support for national partners • Risk assessment and gap analysis (capacity assessment). • Advisory support to develop national AC strategies, policies and work plans. • Support to establish and strengthen oversight institutions. • Coordinate AC policies among different partners and stakeholders. • Methodologies for incorporating AC-principles in service delivery and activities of TWG Example: UNDP help for drafting national AC Strategy of Sierra Leone

6. Programming Areas (Contd.) Example: DGG/OGC Mapping of AC tools in Africa • AC interventions to increase the utilization of governance/AC assessment tools to inform policies at national level • Production of diagnostic tools to measure corruption. • Undertake surveys to qualify and quantify corruption at country level (by sector) 3. AC interventions to strengthen capacity of the media and civil society to provide oversight against corruption. • Train civil society and media • Increase CSO and media participation in policy formulation and international representation • Support innovative activities of CSOs and media

7. Programming Areas (Contd.) Example: Joint programmes With UNODC 4. AC interventions to improve harmonization and coordination of anti-corruption initiatives: • Improved UN agency and donor coordination • Improved strategic coordination with other partners 5. AC interventions to increase awareness and knowledge on AC norms, standards, and methodologies and their application through the development of KM: • Produce flyers, fact sheets and posters on topical issues • Produce guidelines, manuals, comparative experiences, and primers

8. Programming Areas (Contd.) UNCAC provides programming guidelines in the areas around which COs can develop AC interventions under the preventive measures of UNCAC which reflect generally accepted principles of the good governance agenda

9. UNDP Mandates and UNCAC Figure: Interdependence of Cooperation to Prevent and Combat Corruption

10. Guidelines for AC-Programming • Engage all relevant stakeholders (public, private, CSOs, judges) both in formulating programme and monitoring progress • Get the process right (sufficient consultations, risk analysis, etc.) • Take into account the sustainability issue from the very beginning (Resources may be readily available for national initiative but hard to get enough resources for sectoral programme) • Be realistic while developing a project/programme; programme should be knowledge-based. • Design programme with realistic timeframe (e.g., a lifespan of government) • Note that prioritization and sequencing is important but it is context specific. • If possible, conduct gap and risk analyses to find out entry points and to effectively prioritize and sequence interventions.

11. Guidelines for AC-Programming • Adopt joint assistance strategies for better resource mobilization and coordination (e.g., working groups with donors and national counterparts) • Incorporate countries national anti-corruption plans into development strategy documents (mainstreaming AC intervention into development efforts: Mongolia; Zambia) • Sectoral approaches e.g., education or justice could prove to be effective, but they should be a part of a broader strategy (not stand alone initiative from the prospective of sustaining AC initiative (e.g., AC Commission Nigeria) • Build upon the emphasis that corruption is a cross-cutting issue (this will give you more opportunities for programming) • Seize the opportunities for AC intervention (the right time: after election; after regime change; post-scandal situation, post-conflict) • From the very beginning, be clear about the responsibility (who is going to be responsible for what)

12. Funding Sources Funding Opportunities from the evolving DG Practice

13. Funding Sources (contd.) • DG Thematic Trust Fund: http://www.sdnp.undp.org/ttf/gov/ • UNDP Anti-Corruption Global Programme (PACDE) • (http://practices.undp.org/democratic-governance) • United Nations Democracy Fund • (http://www.un.org/democracyfund/ ) • UNDP-Spain MDG Achievement Fund (http://www.undp.org/mdgf/eligible.shtml ) • Other multilateral and bilateral sources