Standard – SSUSH 10

1. Standard – SSUSH 10 The student will identify legal, political, and social dimensions of Reconstruction. • Compare and contrast Presidential Reconstruction with Radical Republican Reconstruction. • Explain efforts to redistribute land in the South among the former slaves and provide advanced education [Morehouse College] and describe the role of the Freedmen’s Bureau. • Describe the significance of the 13th Amendment, 14th Amendment, and 15th Amendment. • Explain the Black Codes, the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), and other forms of resistance to racial equality during Reconstruction. • Explain Andrew Johnson’s impeachment in relationship to Reconstruction. • Analyze how the presidential election of 1876 and the subsequent Compromise of 1877 marked the end of Reconstruction.

2. Presidential Radical Republican • Lenient on allowing Southern states to re-enter. • It only punished the higher officers of the Confederate Army. • Wanted to punish ALL of those who fought for the South. • Wanted to have military rule in the South. The military would appoint governors to control different sections of the South.

3. Presidential ReconstructionAbraham Lincoln • 10% Plan • Lincoln’s ideas • South could not legally leave, so they never really did. • Southern states should be admitted back into the union as easily and quickly as possible • Lincoln’s Assassination ended any chance for Southern states to be treated leniently by the North.

4. Presidential ReconstructionAndrew Johnson • Johnson’s Reconstuction Plans • Very similar to Lincolns • Most Southern States readmitted under Johnson’s Plans • Johnson sought to punish only rich plantation owners – he blamed them for the war • Used pardon power of President for many ex=confederates

5. Radical Republican Reconstruction • After Lincoln Assassination • Radical Republicans take over Congress and Reconstruction Plans • Places South under military rule • Forces South to approve Civil War Amendments • Requires majority of Southern voters to take an oath of allegiance • Placed in power Republican State Governments throughout the South • First time ever – Black elected officials in southern State Governments

6. Andrew Johnson’s Impeachment • Conflict over who in charge of Reconstruction • President Johnson vs. Radical Republican Congress • Johnson vetoes Radical Republican Reconstruction laws • Johnson ignores Tenure of Office Act • First time President ever impeached in American History

7. Impeachment of Andrew Johnson • He violated the “Bogus” Tenure of Office Act. • He fired Stanton who was the Sec. of War without permission from the Senate.

8. Civil War Amendments • 13th Amendment • Ended slavery in all of America • Emancipation Proclamation ended slavery only in the South • 14th Amendment • Designed to provide political equality for former slaves [did not work until 1964] • 15th Amendment • Designed to ensure voting rights for former slaves [did not work until 1965]

9. Morehouse College • College exemplifies legacy of Freedmen’s Bureau – Educational opportunities

10. Morehouse College

11. Freedman’s Bureau • The Bureau supervised all of the relief programs for the “freed” men. • They issued rations, clothing, and medicine.

12. Freedmen’s Bureau • Government agency created to help former slaves in the South • Provided immediate aid - food, shelter, clothes • Protected former slaves in labor contracts • Lasting legacy – educational opportunities via the establishment of schools and colleges

13. Black Codes • Laws enacted by Southern governments after Reconstruction • Laws designed to humiliate and subjugate former slaves

14. Ku Klux Klan [KKK] • White supremacy group formed during the Reconstruction Era • Goals • keep former slaves from voting • Intimidate northerners from helping former slaves • Reinstate Democrat/white state governments