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File Systems and Databases

This introductory chapter provides a comprehensive overview of file systems and database management systems (DBMS). It covers critical concepts, including the distinction between data and information, various types of database systems, and the evolution from file-based systems to advanced DBMS solutions. Also highlighted are the benefits of using DBMS, such as data redundancy reduction, improved data consistency, and enhanced accessibility. This foundational knowledge is essential for effective data management and application development in today's information-driven landscape.

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File Systems and Databases

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  1. Chapter 1 Introduction File Systems and Databases

  2. Class Format • Lectures • MUBS e-learning platform • Class discussions and presentations • Grading • Course works • Test 10% • Class Project 20% • Final Exam 70% (80% practical)

  3. The mediocre teacher tells. The good teacher explains. The superior teacher demonstrates. The great teacher inspires. William Arthur Ward

  4. Files and Databases • File: A collection of records or documents dealing with one organization, person, area or subject (Rowley) • Manual (paper) files • Computer files • Database: A collection of similar records with relationships between the records (Rowley) • Bibliographic, statistical, business data, images, etc.

  5. Introducing the Database • Major Database Concepts • Data and information • Data - Raw facts • Information - Processed data • Data management • Database • Metadata • Database management system (DBMS)

  6. Database Systems • Types of Database Systems • Number of Users • Single-user • Desktop database • Multiuser • Workgroup database • Enterprise database • Scope • Desktop • Workgroup • Enterprise

  7. Database Systems • Types of Database Systems • Location • Centralized • Distributed • Use • Transactional (Production) • Decision support • Data warehouse

  8. Database • A Database is a collection of stored operational data used by the application systems of some particular enterprise (C.J. Date) • Paper “Databases” • Still contain a large portion of the world’s knowledge • File-Based Data Processing Systems • Early batch processing of (primarily) business data • Database Management Systems (DBMS)

  9. Why DBMS? • History • 50’s and 60’s all applications were custom built for particular needs • File based • Many similar/duplicative applications dealing with collections of business data • Early DBMS were extensions of programming languages • 1970 - E.F. Codd and the Relational Model • 1979 - Ashton-Tate and first Microcomputer DBMS

  10. From File Systems to DBMS • Problems with file processing systems • Inconsistent data • Inflexibility • Limited data sharing • Poor enforcement of standards • Excessive program maintenance

  11. DBMS Benefits • Minimal data redundancy • Consistency of data • Integration of data • Sharing of data • Ease of application development • Uniform security, privacy, and integrity controls • Data accessibility and responsiveness • Data independence • Reduced program maintenance

  12. Terms and Concepts • Data independence • Physical representation and location of data and the use of that data are separated • The application doesn’t need to know how or where the database has stored the data, but just how to ask for it • Moving a database from one DBMS to another should not have a material effect on application program • Recoding, adding fields, etc. in the database should not affect applications

  13. CASE Tools User Interface Application Programs Repository DBMS Database Database Environment

  14. DBMS =============== Design tools Table Creation Form Creation Query Creation Report Creation Procedural language compiler (4GL) ============= Run time Form processor Query processor Report Writer Language Run time Database Application Programs Database contains: User’s Data Metadata Indexes Application Metadata User Interface Applications Database Components

  15. Types of Database Systems • PC databases • Centralized database • Client/server databases • Distributed databases • Database models

  16. PC Databases E.g.: Access FoxPro Dbase Etc.

  17. Central Computer Centralized Databases

  18. Client Network Client Database Server Client Client Server Databases

  19. Distributed Databases Location B Location C computer computer Homogeneous Databases computer Location A

  20. Distributed Databases Client Heterogeneous Or Federated Databases Remote Comp. Local Network Database Server Comm Server Remote Comp. Client

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