GAHP

1. GAHP

2. GAHP

3. GAHP

4. GAHP in Broiler Chicken • GUIDELINE TO A GOOD BROILER CHICKEN REARING PRACTICE • INTRODUCTION • The current market trend of chicken, irrespective whether international or local, is getting more and more competitive.  Price, quality and cleanliness of products are among the main factors contributing towards a guaranteed market.  Public and consumer evaluation about food safety, nature quality, tranquility and animal welfare is also changing. The producer must be sensitive to changes in needs of public and market trend.  Hence, methods of farm management should also change. A farm must be managed more competently in order to become more productive,  competitive, farm activities environment friendly and products suitable for consumer needs.  Animal and workers' welfare needs also must be given due attention.  Confidence of public and consumers towards poultry farms need to be established, and with this will assure  continuous production and investment returns.

5. GAHP in Broiler Chicken 1. MANAGEMENT • Workers' health • Ensure all workers have good health status. Arrange health examination programme on a periodical basis. • Duties of workers • Prepare a duty list for each and every worker • Each and every farm worker should be clear about their duty and responsibility • Supervise, identify weaknesses and take appropriate action for improvement • Training • Prepare and carry out training programme for workers from time to time

6. GAHP in Broiler Chicken 2. DEVELOPMENT OF A FARM AND FACILITIES • Location • Location site for the farm should not be within area/region under structural planning and development of district or nearby to areas that have high possibility to be developed for public needs • Complete and good facilities, (Road accessibility, drainage system, electricity supply and others)good ventilation, not less than 0.5 kilometer distance from nearest poultry farm. • At least 0.20 kilometer from developed areas like municipality, industrial, tourist attractions, public places and facilities. • Not nearby lakes, ponds and others that are always stopped at by migratory birds

7. GAHP in Broiler Chicken • Pens :Pens should be built in areas separated from non-productive areas and fenced up to separate the two. • Not in close proximity with roads frequently used for transportation of chickens. • Design, size, construction and materials used permit: • Optimum ventilation inside pens, comfortable and does not affect growth and health of chickens, as well as comfort and health of workers. • Effective disinfection work.  • Ventilation : • Temperature inside pens below 30°C (optimum 22-26°C). Humidity rate less than 70 % • Buildings or trees nearby pens does not obstruct air circulation

8. Housing

9. Housing • Design : • Length axis of pens should be in east-west direction to reduce effect of direct  sunlight on chickens. • Distance between pens at least the same as width of pens • Design is such that chickens are not exposed to injury • Enough exit doors for safety of workers and birds during emergency. For close house system, should install alarm signal • Plan of Farm • Prepare a structural plan of farm showing main accessible routes to farm, development of surrounding areas like villages, towns and source of water supply nearby. • showing location of pens and other farm facilities.

10. GAHP in Broiler Chicken 3. FEED • Feed • Supply from feed mills that observe good manufacturing practice (GMP) or those recognized as its equivalent by the Department of Veterinary Services. • Store in a place with good ventilation so as not to allow its quality to spoil, growth of fungus and breeding of pests. • Store in clean, rat and bird proof place. • Do not keep poison materials in feed store. • Do not keep feed too long.  For stores with cement or ground flooring, feed should be kept on a base height not less than 15cm. • Monitor quality of feed and cleanliness from time to time.

11. GAHP in Broiler Chicken • Water: Use water from supply that is clean or treated with chlorine and other  sanitizers approved by the Government. • Avoid contamination. Use covered drinkers that can be easily washed. • Use drinkers that will not easily rust and not made from materials that can lead to poisoning • Monitor quality (pH, chemicals, bacteria, metal, odour, colour) from time to time

12. Contents of good drinking water • pH 6.5 - 8.0 • Total soluble solids < 550 ppm • Chlorides < 250 ppm • Iron < 0.3 ppm • Sulphate < 250 ppm • Nitrates < 10 ppm • Nitrites < 1 ppm • Chlorine < 0.05 ppm • Oxygen 7 - 14

13. LIVESTOCK • Chicks • Obtain chicks from breeder farms or hatcheries accredited by the Department of Veterinary Services or which observe management procedures acknowledged equivalent to accreditation prerequisites. • Check quality upon arrival. • Should be from same flock or same age. • Chicks from different sources are not to be reared as one flock.

14. 5. MANAGEMENT OF LIVESTOCK AND EQUIPMENTS • Management Guide Prepare a farm management guide that includes management of livestock, feeds and water, pens, vaccination, use and maintenance of equipments, animal health and others. • Put a brief guide on management in each and every pen for workers' easy reference. • Quality Control Practice daily management, use and maintenance of facilities as well as equipments that will ascertain growth and good quality chicks. • That will ensure farming does not cause : • pollution and interference to surroundings • spread of disease • Prepare a quality assurance programme

15. MANAGEMENT OF LIVESTOCK AND EQUIPMENTS • Records Farm records should be complete (source of chicks, feeds, death, culling, treatment, vaccination and others).  Records should be kept well and updated from time to time. • Monitoring performance Farm productivity norm indicators as a management guide. • Evaluate management competence continuously.

16. 6. HEALTH • Health Program Prepare a written document on health programme for the farm and carry it out properly. • Planning and carrying out of programme supervised closely by a recognized veterinary consultant.  • Assessed and updated from time to time. • Disease Control Monitor disease status in farm on a schedule basis.  Keep complete, orderly and updated records of disease monitoring. • Ascertain farm is free from Newcastle disease, zoonotic diseases (Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza and Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci and diseases carried through feeds (Salmonellosis, E.coli 157, Campylobacter, Lysteria). • Take immediate action to control its spread when a disease occurs in the farm.

17. Health • Bio-security Prepare a written document on bio-security measures and carry it out properly. • Provide full and complete facilities for bio-security  • Entire boundary of farm to be fenced up at least with 'chain link' and maintained well. • Have security guard at entrance to farm Facilities for disinfection (roofed dip for tyres of vehicles and spray, foot bath, bathroom/mist spray).  Buildings/structures constructed must ensure disinfection work can be carried out effectively. Facilities that fulfill bio-security requirements for visitors who wish to enter production areas.

18. Health • Guide in carrying out bio-security rules and regulations. Only one passage way in and out of production areas used. • Control system for movement of workers, visitors, vehicles, equipments and goods including baskets, chicks and feed in and out of production areas and between pens to make certain bio-security protocol stipulated is followed. • Close house system where air sucked out from one house does not direct straight to next house. • Bio-security rules and regulations put up in strategic places in the farm for attention of workers. Effectiveness of bio-security protocol monitored and evaluated from time to time and make improvements where necessary.

19. Health • Drug, Poison and Chemicals Usage, handling and storage according to directions from manufacturers. Dosage, expiry date and storage place followed. • Only keep quantity deemed enough for use within certain period of time before its expiry date. • Only use those endorsed by the Government.

20. Vaccine and Vaccination Programme Prepare a written document on vaccination programme and carry it out properly Use appropriate vaccine. Vaccines kept, handled and used according to directions from manufacturers. Do not use balance of vaccines already opened. Use only vaccines approved by the Government . Monitor effectiveness of vaccination done.

21. Health • Disinfection Pens disinfected thoroughly after every production cycle and left empty for a suitable period of time (can stop breeding cycle of disease carrier) before a new flock is brought in. • All farm equipments disinfected thoroughly after use and kept in a clean and dry place. • Monitor effectiveness of disinfection work carried out.

22. 7. SANITATION • Cleanliness • Always keep farm premises and surroundings clean. • Maintenance of growth and grasses in farm. • Maintenance of drainage system. • Disposal of Farm Waste • Dispose of dead chickens, pen litter and rubbish without delay. Practice proper disposal system: bury in holes with suitable depth, cover, burn in enclosed places and compose fertilizers out of these waste materials. • Dead chickens collected and handled properly to avoid possibility of spread of disease. • Ensure method of disposal does not pollute surroundings and disrupt public tranquility. • Special place for disposal far away from pens and source of water supply.

23. PESTS CONTROL • Control Protocol Prepare a written document on control and carry it out properly. Evaluate effectiveness of protocol from time to time and improve if necessary. • Construction of Pens and Store Bird and rat proof • Materials used, size and assembling to ensure birds cannot enter pens.  Periodical checks to make sure always in good condition. • Make sure there's no place in the farm that will attract rats and birds to make their nests.

24. PESTS CONTROL • Trees and Growth Trees that attracts birds to farm are not encouraged to be planted surrounding pens.  Trees nearby should have branches well maintained. • Control of Rats Monitor infestation of rats from time to time and keep complete records. • Take steps to ensure rat index is not more than 10. • Take control measures if index is higher than this number.

25. Rodent control • DeTour • DeTour for Rodents is a CONTACT repellent. DeTour will not harm rodents. It is a contact irritant. In order for it to work it must be placed in areas where rodents will come in contact with it and get the product on them. Once a Rodent has come in contact with the product they will desire to exit the structure and will start looking for ways to get away from the area.

26. 9. POLLUTION CONTROL • Flies:Take measures so that fly infestation in the farm is at a minimum level. Draw up a fly control program and carry it out properly. • Monitor fly infestation at all stages of rearing periodically and keep complete records of fly index (use Scuder fly grill); must not be more than 10.  Take control measures if index is higher than this number. • Smell: Take measures so that smell from farm does not disrupt tranquility of surroundings at any time. • Take appropriate action on anything that may be a source of bad smell in farm and surroundings without delay.

27. 9. POLLUTION CONTROL • Dust Ensure air sucked out from close house system does not pollute air and disrupt surrounding areas. • NoiseNoise from farm activities and equipments used does not bother public in surroundings.

28. 10.WELFARE OF BIRDS AND WORKERS • Livestock Management Chickens are free from stress, injury and discomfort on arrival at farm and whole period of rearing, catching and transportation. • Chickens get adequate water and nutritive feed • Conform to stage of growth at all times • Adequate shelter and protection from weather that can be detrimental to health • Suitable temperature according to stage of growth • Each chicken gets floor space in accordance with stage of growth • Each chicken gets water ad feeding space and at a height in accordance with  stage of growth. Catch chickens in a way which will not cause injury. Transport using vehicles with good ventilation system. Prepare a contingency plan just in case there's any breakdown in transportation.

29. 10.WELFARE OF BIRDS AND WORKERS • Ventilation Monitor level of ammonia, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and oxygen in closed house system from time to time to ensure it does not affect health of chickens and workers.  Gas levels must be as follows:Ammonia below 20 ppm • Carbon monoxide below 40 ppm • Carbon dioxidebelow 0.3% • Oxygen above 16% • Hydrogen sulfide below 5 ppm

30. 10.WELFARE OF BIRDS AND WORKERS • Facilities for Workers Housing quarters, resting place for food and refreshments provided at a distance at least 15 meters from pens. • Toilets in housing areas and farm. • Clothing and safety measures for workers in high risk or accident-prone areas.

31. Veterinary Health Mark (VHM) Veterinary Health Mark •          The "Veterinary Health Mark" logo is a symbol of quality awarded to the livestock product processing plant under the Veterinary Inspection and Accreditation Program Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture Malaysia. The Logo also showed that those processing plants has fulfill the Minimum Standard Requirement for "Hygiene and Sanitation", "Quality Assurance and Food Safety" that was set by DVS and confirmed by plant inspection which highlighted more to "Food Safety and Quality System" also "Good Manufacturing Practice Programs".  

32. VHM

33. VHM •  Accredited plants which awarded with the VHM Logo are permitted to use it on their registered products label or packaging only to gain and establish end user confidence on the safety of product and as a way of marketing boost. There's lot more benefits from the accreditation program. In Department Level, Veterinary Certificates application from  livestock product producers for exportation can be process immediately. Process of issuing Veterinary Certificates is based on the "Animal Rules 1962" which enable processors to bent on the mandatory rules required by importer countries and plan their exportation program wisely.

34. VHM • Participation  • Program Participation is open for livestock product processing plants voluntarily. However, for those plants which running export orientation business are compulsory to participate in order fulfilling request by the importer countries terms that require Veterinary Certificates from Veterinary Authorities of the producers country.  • Application Procedure • Plants that interested to participate in this program must apply using form that have been created by Headquarters of Department of Veterinary Services, Malaysia.

35. GMP Guidelines for Veterinary Products To all manufacturers of veterinary products and to whom it may concern: • Under the Control of Drugs and Cosmetics Regulations (Amendment) 2006, compliance with Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) is required as one of the conditions to be considered in the evaluation of applications for a Manufacturing License. • As of 1st January 2002, the National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau, Ministry of Health Malaysia, was accepted as the 26th member of Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme (PIC/S). This is an international co-operation between authorities in country members which provide together an active and constructive co-operation in the field of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and related areas towards promoting quality inspection of pharmaceutical factories / manufacturers.

36. GMP Guidelines for Veterinary Products • 1) PIC/S GMP Guide (Part 1 : Basic Requirements for Medicinal Products) 2) PIC/S GMP Guide (Annexes) – Annex 4 and Annex 5 These documents can be freely downloaded through the PIC/S website (www.picscheme.org) under the section ‘Publications’.

37. ANNEX 4 • MANUFACTURE OF VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS OTHER THAN IMMUNOLOGICALS • MANUFACTURE OF PREMIXES FOR MEDICATED FEEDING STUFFS • For the purposes of these paragraphs, A medicated feeding stuff is any mixture of a veterinary medicinal product or products and feed or feeds which is ready prepared for marketing and intended to be fed to animals without further processing because of its curative or preventative properties or other properties (e.g. medical diagnosis, restoration, correction or modification of physiological functions in animals):

38. ANNEX 4 • Apre-mix for medicated feeding stuffs is any veterinary medicinal product prepared in advance with a view to the subsequent manufacture of medicated feeding stuffs. • 1. The manufacture of premixes for medicated feeding stuffs requires the use of large quantities of vegetable matter which is likely to attract insects and rodents. • Premises should be designed, equipped and operated to minimize this risk (point 3.4.) and should also be subject to a regular pest control programme.

39. ANNEX 4 • 2. Because of the large volume of dust generated during the production of bulk material for premixes, specific attention should be given to the need to avoid cross contamination and facilitate cleaning (point 3.14), for example through the installation of sealed transport systems and dust extraction, whenever possible. • The installation of such systems does not, however, eliminate the need for regular cleaning of production areas. • 3. Parts of the process likely to have a significant adverse influence on the stability of the active ingredients) (e.g. use of steam in pellet manufacture) should be carried out in an uniform manner from batch to batch.

40. ANNEX 4 • 4. Consideration should be given to undertake the manufacture of premixes in dedicated areas which, if at all possible, do not form part of a main manufacturing plant. Alternatively, such dedicated areas should be surrounded by a buffer zone in order to minimize the risk of contamination of other manufacturing areas.

41. THE MANUFACTURE OF ECTOPARASITICIDES • 5. In derogation from point 3.6, ectoparasiticides for external application to animals, which are veterinary medicinal products, and subject to marketing authorisation, may be produced and filled on a campaign basis in pesticide specific areas. • However , other categories of veterinary medicinal products should not be produced in such areas. • 6. Adequate validated cleaning procedures should be employed to prevent cross contamination, and steps should be taken to ensure the secure storage of the veterinary medicinal product in accordance with the guide.

42. THE MANUFACTURE OF VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTSCONTAINING PENICILLINS • 7. The use of penicillins in veterinary medicine does not present the same risks of hypersensitivity in animals as in humans. Although incidents of hypersensitivity have been recorded in horses and dogs, there are other materials which are toxic to certain species, e.g. the ionophore antibiotics in horses. Although desirable, the requirements that such products be manufactured in dedicated, self-contained facilities (point 3.6) may be dispensed with in the case of facilities dedicated to the manufacture of veterinary medicinal products only. However, all necessary measures should be taken to avoid cross contamination and any risk to operator safety in accordance with the guide. In such circumstances, penicillin-containing products should be manufactured on a campaign basis and should be followed by appropriate, validated decontamination and cleaning procedures.

43. MANUFACTURE OF IMMUNOLOGICALVETERINARY MEDICAL PRODUCTS (ANNEX 5) 1. Principle 2. Personnel 3. Premises 4. Equipment 5. Production 6. Starting Materials 7. Animals animal houses 8. Disinfection-waste disposal 9. Quality control

44. MANUFACTURE OF IMMUNOLOGICALVETERINARY MEDICAL PRODUCTS (ANNEX 5) • Principles 1. Medicinal products have special characteristics. 2. Dueto the large number of animal species and related pathogenic agents, the variety of products manufactured is very wide and the volume of manufacture is often low. 3. The role of quality assurance system is of utmost importance.

45. MANUFACTURE OF IMMUNOLOGICALVETERINARY MEDICAL PRODUCTS (ANNEX 5) • Personnel • 1. Training specific to the products with which they work. 2. The personnel should receive training in bacteriology, biology, biometry, chemistry, immunology, medicine, parasitology, pharmacy, pharmacology, virology and veterinary medicine 3. Personnel should be protected against possible infection with the biological agents used in manufacture.

46. MANUFACTURE OF IMMUNOLOGICALVETERINARY MEDICAL PRODUCTS (ANNEX 5) • 4. Adequate measures should be taken to prevent biological agents being taken outside the manufacturing plant. • 5. For immunological products, the risk of contamination or cross-contamination by personnel is particularly important.

47. MANUFACTURE OF IMMUNOLOGICALVETERINARY MEDICAL PRODUCTS (ANNEX 5) • Premises • 1. Premises should be designed in such a way as to control both the risk to the product and to the environment. • 2. Live biological agents should be handled in contained areas. • 3. Inactivated biological agents should be handled in clean areas.

48. Equipment • The equipment used should be designed and constructed so that it meets the particular requirements for the manufacture of each product. • Before being put into operation the equipment should be qualified and validated and subsequently be regularly maintained and validated.

49. Production • Because of the wide variety of products, the frequently large number of stages involved in the manufacture of immunological veterinary medicinal products and the nature of the biological processes, careful attention must be paid to adherence to validated operating procedures, to the constant monitoring of production at all stages and to in-process controls. • Additionally, special consideration should be given to starting materials, media and the use of a seed lot system.

50. Starting materials • The suitability of starting materials should be clearly defined in written specifications. These should include details of the supplier, the method of manufacture, the geographical origin and the animal species from which the materials are derived. The controls to be applied to starting materials must be included. Microbiological controls are particularly important.