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Chemical Reactions

Chemical Reactions. Chemical Change. Properties of Matter. Physical Property Characteristic of a substance Colour, odour, lustre, solubility, melting and boiling points, physical state Chemical Property Characteristic behaviour that occurs when a substance changes to a new substance.

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Chemical Reactions

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  1. Chemical Reactions Chemical Change

  2. Properties of Matter • Physical Property • Characteristic of a substance • Colour, odour, lustre, solubility, melting and boiling points, physical state • Chemical Property • Characteristic behaviour that occurs when a substance changes to a new substance. • Chemical change • Reactants are used to create a new material called products.

  3. Pure Substances and Mixtures • Pure Substance • All the particles that make up the substance are the same. • Broken down into 2 categories: • Elements • Can not be broken down into simpler substances • Compounds • Pure substances that contain two or more different elements in a fixed proportion

  4. Pure Substances and Mixtures • Mixtures • Combination of pure substances. Broken down into 2 categories: • Homogeneous Mixture • Mixture that looks the same throughout and the separate components are not visible. • Heterogeneous Mixture • Mixture is one in which different parts of the mixture are visible • Suspension  tiny particles cause a cloudy mixture • Salad dressing • Mechanical mixture  several solids combined • Chocolate chip cookie

  5. Chemicals and Safety (p.511) • HHPS • Hazardous Household Product Symbol • WHMIS • Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System • MSDS • Materials Safety Data Sheet

  6. Atomic Theory • Protons • Heavy positively charged particles found in the nucleus • Neutrons • Neutral particles that have about the same mass as protons and also found in nucleus • Electrons • Negatively charged particles with almost no mass that circle the nucleus at different energy levels

  7. Elements & the Periodic Table • Periodic Table • A structured arrangement of elements that helps us to explain and predict physical and chemical properties. • Atomic Structure • Bohr-Rutherford model • p. 145, fig. 4.9a

  8. Chemical Reactivity • Valence Shells • Outer shell of atom, electrons that are in that shell are called valence electrons. • The chemical properties of elements are related to the energy changes that take place when atoms lose, gain or share electrons to obtain a filled valence shell. • Metals tend to lose electrons (cation) • Non-metals tend to gain electrons (anion)

  9. Chemical Reactivity Atoms of Hydrogen and Oxygen are different in the number of subatomic particles they have • This means that their reactivity is going to be different • 2H2 + O2 2H2O • Trends in Periodic Table • Periods (horizontal rows) and Groups (vertical columns) • Metals, Non-metals, Metalloids • Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, noble gases • Trends based on how electrons are oriented • Shells

  10. Periodic Table • Atomic Number • Is the number of protons in an atom of an element. • Atomic Mass • Is the measure of the average mass of an atom of that element. • Ion Charge • Ion is an atom or group of atoms with a negative or positive charge.

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