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Semester 1, Day 4

Semester 1, Day 4. Cell Energy. Agenda. Turn in homework Plasma Membrane and Protein Synthesis, Folding, & Transport Quiz Lecture on Cell Energy Break for 4 minutes Book Work. Homework. Cornell Notes 7.2, 7.3, and 8.1 Questions on each section. Quiz.

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Semester 1, Day 4

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  1. Semester 1, Day 4 Cell Energy

  2. Agenda • Turn in homework • Plasma Membrane and Protein Synthesis, Folding, & Transport Quiz • Lecture on Cell Energy • Break for 4 minutes • Book Work

  3. Homework • Cornell Notes 7.2, 7.3, and 8.1 • Questions on each section

  4. Quiz • Plasma Membrane & Protein Synthesis, Folding & Transport • Remain silent while taking quiz • Keep eyes on your own paper • When finished, flip paper over • Draw me a pretty picture • All papers will be collected when everyone is finished

  5. Chemistry Mini-Lesson: Reactions & Catalysts • Chemical Reaction: process by which atoms or compounds are reorganized into different atoms/compounds. • Photosynthesis Reaction • 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light  C6H12O6 + 6O2 C O O H H O C H H O O O C O O H H O C H H O O O C O O H H O C H H O O O C O O H H O C H H O O O C O O H H O C H H O O O C O O H H O C H H O O O

  6. Cell Parts: Mitochondrion & Chloroplast • Simplified Photosynthesis (Plants) • 6CO2 + 6H2O + light  C6H12O6 + 6O2 • Simplified Cellular Respiration (Animals & Plants) • C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ~36ATP (Light  Food) Light CO2 NADPH Calvin Cycle Light-Dependent ATP G3P Glucose H2O O2 (Food  Cell Energy) CO2 NAD+ NADH ADP Glucose FADH2 Pyruvate Krebs Cycle ETC & Chemiosmosis Glycolysis NADH Many ATP! ATP ATP ADP ADP

  7. Cell Parts: Mitochondrion & Chloroplast • Basic Relationship • Organelle Relationship Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis Light CO2, H2O ATP Mitochondrion Chloroplast Animals & Plants Plants C6H12O6 (glucose), O2

  8. Cell Parts: Mitochondrion & Chloroplast • Organism Relationship: Why do plants & animals need each other? • CO2 & O2 CYCLE back and forth • Light Energy  Food Energy  Cellular Energy ATP H2O CO2 O2 C6H12O6

  9. Cell Parts: Chloroplast • Chloroplast: capture light energy; make food energy • Photosynthesis: occurs only in plants (not animals!) • 6CO2 + 6H2O + light  C6H12O6 + 6O2 (energy) (carbon dioxide) (water) (glucose sugar) (oxygen) from sun from roots absorb through leaves released from leaves stored in plant; for plant use or animal use with cellular respiration Image Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Chloroplast-new.jpg

  10. Cell Parts: Chloroplast • Thylakoid: flattened discs containing chlorophyll • Granum (pl. Grana): stack of thylakoids • Stroma: fluid inside chloroplast (similar to a cell’s cytoplasm) • Lamella: links thylakoids in grana together • Lumen: inside of the thylakoid Image Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Chloroplast-new.jpg

  11. Cell Parts: Chloroplast • Chlorophyll: pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light • Review: Visible Light Spectrum • Radiant energy (or light energy) we can see • Sun emits many kinds of radiant energy • Infrared waves • UV-A • UV-B • Visible Light Violet Indigo Blue Green Yellow Orange Red “VIB G YOR” (or “ROY G BIV”)

  12. Cell Parts: Chloroplast • The color you see is the color that is reflected • Chlorophyll reflects green; absorbs ROYBIV! Reflects: Absorbs: We See: RED OTHER COLORS RED R O Y G B I V Light energy the plant uses!!!!

  13. Cell Parts: Chloroplast • Phase I: Light-Dependent Reactions • Phase 2: Light-Independent Reactions / Calvin Cycle Image Source: bioweb.uwlax.edu

  14. Cell Parts: Chloroplast • Phase 1: Light-Dependent Reactions • Occurs at thylakoid membrane (Lumen Stroma) • Requires light (dependent)

  15. Cell Parts: Chloroplast • Phase 2: Calvin Cycle / Light-Independent Reactions • In stroma • Doesn’t directly require light energy (independent) • ATP & NADPH = energy, but not stable  converted to glucose sugar.

  16. What you need to know!

  17. Cell Parts: Mitochondria • Mitochondria: Powerhouses; create ATP = ENERGY! • ATP (adenosine triphosphate): a nucleotide Break Bond = ENERGY! Adenosine P P P Ribose (Nitrogenous Base) (Phosphates) (Sugar)

  18. Cell Parts: Mitochondria • Cellular Respiration • food energy  usable chemical energy (ATP) • Plants & Animals • C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ~36ATP (glucose sugar) (oxygen) (carbon dioxide) (water) (energy) eat breathe out secrete breathe in use

  19. Cell Parts: Mitochondria • Mitochondrion • Matrix: fluid inside mitochondrion (similar to a cell’s cytoplasm) • Cristae: a fold of the inner membrane • Outer Membrane: encloses entire mitochondrion • Inner Membrane: forms internal folds; more surface area • Intermembrane Space: region between membranes Outer Membrane Inner Membrane Matrix Intermembrane Space Cristae Glycolysis Krebs Cycle ETC

  20. Cell Parts: Mitochondria • Step 1: Glycolysis – “Splitting of sugar” • Cell’s cytoplasm (outside of mitochondrion) • Glucose sugar split into 2 pyruvate • NADH (an electron carrier that takes H+s and e-s) created • A few ATP are created • Simplified: 6-Carbon Sugar “splitting” C C C C C C C C C C C C Glucose (6-Carbon Sugar) Pyruvate (3-Carbon Sugar) Pyruvate (3-Carbon Sugar)

  21. Glycolysis (Food  Cell Energy) CO2 NAD+ NADH ADP Glucose FADH2 Pyruvate Krebs Cycle ETC & Chemiosmosis Glycolysis NADH Many ATP! ATP ATP ADP ADP

  22. Cell Parts: Mitochondria • Step 2: Krebs Cycle OR Citric Acid Cycle • Mitochondrial Matrix • H+s and e-s are taken off of pyruvate by NADH and FADH2 to go to the next step • CO2 created at this step • Small number of ATP created at this step H (Hydrogen) H+ (Hydrogen Ion) • Electron (e-) - - + + -1 (negatively charged) = 1e- + 1p+ + 0n0 = 1(-1) + 1(1) + 0(0) = -1 +1 + 0 = 0 = 0e- + -p+ + 0n0 = 0(-1) + 1(1) + 0(0) = 0 +1 + 0 = +1

  23. Krebs Cycle (Food  Cell Energy) CO2 NAD+ NADH ADP Glucose FADH2 Pyruvate Krebs Cycle ETC & Chemiosmosis Glycolysis NADH Many ATP! ATP ATP ADP ADP

  24. Cell Parts: Mitochondria • Step 3: Electron Transport Chain (ETC) • Inner Membrane(Mitochondrial Matrix  Intermembrane Space) • Produces the most ATP! Outer Membrane Inner Membrane Matrix Intermembrane Space Cristae Glycolysis Krebs Cycle ETC

  25. Cell Parts: Mitochondria • Step 3: Electron Transport Chain H+ INTERMEMBRANE SPACE H+ H+ Pyruvate e- O2 NADH e- e- NADH ATP Synthase (enzyme/protein) FADH2 e- Krebs Cycle e- ADP P ½O2 H+ H2O H+ 2H+ 32ATP MATRIX Inner Membrane (Mitochondrial, NOT Cellular)

  26. Cellular Respiration • Overall: Cellular respiration in eukaryotes creates ~36 ATP • 2 from Glycolysis + 2 from Krebs + 32 from ETC. Outer Membrane Inner Membrane Matrix Intermembrane Space Cristae Glycolysis Krebs Cycle ETC (Food  Cell Energy) CO2 NAD+ NADH ADP Glucose FADH2 Pyruvate Krebs Cycle ETC & Chemiosmosis Glycolysis NADH Many ATP! ATP ATP ADP ADP

  27. Reading/Work Time • Cornell notes on 9.1, 9.2, and 9.3 • Answer the following questions: • 9.1: #1-7 • 9.2: #1-6 • 9.3: #1-7 • Chapter 9 Assessment: #1-19, #21-24

  28. Dp.davincischools.org/staff/blarkin

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