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Sulfur Dioxygenase in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans: Mechanisms and Energy Dynamics

This study explores the role of sulfur dioxygenase in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, a meso-acidophile that utilizes various sulfur compounds (S2-, S2O32-, S, and Fe2+) as electron donors. The investigation focuses on the glutathione-dependent mechanism converting elemental sulfur into sulfhydryl groups and analyzes the energy dynamics of the oxidation process, which, while exothermic, does not efficiently harness energy due to direct oxygen coordination. Importantly, this organism appears capable of anaerobic sulfur oxidation, reducing Fe3+ to Fe2+ while producing sulfate.

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Sulfur Dioxygenase in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans: Mechanisms and Energy Dynamics

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    1. Sulfur Dioxygenase Vidu Yarlagadda

    2. Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Meso-acidophile Uses S2-, S2O32-, S, and Fe2+ as electron donors S2- ? SO42- S2O32- ? SO42- S ? SO42- Fe2+ ? Fe3+

    3. Glutathione Mechanism for converting elemental sulfur into –SH is glutathione dependent in in vitro

    9. Energy Loss While oxidation of elemental sulfur to sulfate is very exothermic, this energy is not efficiently utilized since oxygen is directly coordinated to the sulfur atoms (and not done in a stepwise manner)

    10. Sulfur Dioxygenase 46 kDa Interestingly, none of the usual cofactors in redox (i.e. cytochromes, flavins, etc.) seem to be used in this process

    11. Anaerobic Sulfur Oxidation Acidithiobacillus is an obligate aerobe However, it seems to be able to oxidize sulfur anaerobically as well Here cofactor comes into place As elemental sulfur is oxidized to sulfite and then sulfate, Fe3+ is reduced to Fe2+ Experimental results suggest that for every 6 mol of Fe3+ consumed, 1 mol of SO42- is produced

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