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Enhance data analysis skills for dyslexia support tutors to aid students facing statistical difficulties. Case studies and methods to identify and overcome learning challenges.
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Learning Statistics: 3 Case Studies Jennifer Horgan Dyslexia Support Tutor,Language and Learning Centre University of Wales, Aberystwyth
Workshop Outline • Background • Working memory and arithmetic • Cognitive style in mathematics • Problems learning statistics • Outline of statistics module • Case studies • Identification of likely difficulties (your ideas) • Difficulties encountered • Ways of helping students
Working memory and arithmetic • Results suggest that a component of developmental difficulties in maths is a working memory deficiency. • Maths anxious individual’s experience of doing maths involves decreased working memory capacity (Mark Ashcraft, Mathematical Cognition Vol. 1, 1996)
Potential areas of difficulty • Directional confusion • Sequencing problems • Visual perceptual difficulties • Spatial awareness • Short-term (working) memory • Long-term memory
Cognitive style in mathematics • Intuitive/ holistic style -also called qualitative or geometer • Logical /sequential style -also called quantitative or algebraist • Inchworm / grasshopper (Bath and Knox) where inchworm is logical/sequential style and grasshopper is intuitive/holistic style
Statistical Techniques for Rural Studies • Identify appropriate methods of analysis for different types of data. • Demonstrate competence in data analysis using a range of statistical methods • Draw suitable conclusions based on the results of data analysis.
Scheme of work • Normal distribution, S.D. • Normal distribution tables, tables of Z • Sampling from normal distribution • Students t distribution • Comparison of means of 2 samples (t-test) • Paired t-test • Chi-square analysis of frequencies • Contingency tables • Product moment correlation + regression • ANOVA (Comparison of means of several samples) • Multiple range tests (LSD and Tukey) • Randomised block ANOVA • 2-way ANOVA • Linear regression • Spearman’s rank correlation, Mann-Whitney U-test • Choice of statistical method for data analysis
Case Studies • 3 students • All from non-traditional backgrounds • All studying the same basic statistics module.
Problem sheets • Work in pairs looking at the two questions in this exercise. • What difficulties do you think these students, or others, might encounter with these questions? • What changes would you suggest?
A final thought • ‘ If the child does not learn the way you teach, then you must teach the way he learns’ Harry Chasty