1 / 41

Understanding Solutions, Acids, Bases, and Their Properties

This comprehensive overview covers the basics of solutions, including solvents and solutes, with an emphasis on water's role as the universal solvent. Learn about concentration, dilution, and solubility through examples. Explore the properties of acids and bases, including their effects on litmus paper and pH levels. Understand the significance of pH in determining acidity and basicity, as well as the concept of neutralization. Ideal for students seeking clarity in chemistry basics.

adrienne-harrison
Télécharger la présentation

Understanding Solutions, Acids, Bases, and Their Properties

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Acids, Bases, and Solutions Chapter 7

  2. What is a Solution?

  3. Solutions Same properties throughout Contains a solvent and a solute

  4. Solvent • Does the Dissolving • Water = Liquid

  5. Solute • The stuff that is dissolved • Sugar

  6. Kool-Aid • Solvent = Water Solute = Sugar

  7. Water is referred to as the “universal Solvent” • Why?

  8. Water dissolves almost anything

  9. Concentration • How much solute (dissolved stuff)

  10. Dilute • Weak • Not a lot of solute (dissolved stuff)

  11. Concentrated • Strong • A lot of solute (dissolved stuff)

  12. Measuring Concentration Amount of Solute Amount of Solvent X 100

  13. Example • A solution contains 12 g of solute dissolved in 36 g of solution. What is its concentration?

  14. Answer: 10% 12 g 36 g = .33 x 100 .33 = 33%

  15. Example • What is the concentration of a solutions that contains 45 grams of sugar in 500 grams of solution?

  16. Answer: 9% 45 g 500 g = .09 x 100 .09 = 9%

  17. Example • How much sugar is dissolved in 500 grams of a solution if the solution is 70 percent sugar by mass?

  18. Answer: 350g X 500 g 70%= .7 (500) = x X = 350g

  19. Solubility • A measure of how much solute (dissolved stuff) can dissolve

  20. Unsaturated Solution • Weak, Dilute • Very little solute is added • Add more sugar it will dissolve

  21. Saturated Solution • Perfect Amount • No more solute will dissolve • If you add more it will settle to the bottom

  22. Supersaturated • Add so much solute that it begins to pile up on the bottom of the container

  23. Acids and Bases

  24. Indicators • Compounds that change color when it contacts an acid or a base

  25. Properties of Acids • Sour taste • Reacts with metals (corrosive) • Turns litmus paper red

  26. Properties of Bases • Bitter Taste • Slippery Feel • Turns Litmus paper Blue

  27. Acids • Produce Hydrogen Ions (H+) in water

  28. Bases • Produce Hydroxide ions (OH-) ions in water

  29. Strengths of Acids and Bases The pH scale

  30. The pH scale • Range of numbers from 1-14

  31. Ph < 7 • ACIDIC • H+ ions present • The lower the number the stronger the acid (more H+ ions)

  32. pH = 7 • Neutral • Not acidic or basic • H+=OH- ions

  33. pH > 7 • BASIC • OH- ions present • The higher the number the more basic

  34. Neutralization • A reaction between an acid and a base • Salt and water produced

  35. Neutralization

  36. Check for Understanding

  37. pH 1, pH 3 or pH 7 ? • Which contains the highest concentration of Hydrogen ions? pH of 1

  38. pH of 6 or pH of 3 • Which is stronger? • Which contains moreH+ ions? pH of 3

  39. pH 10 or pH 14 • Which is a stronger base? • Which has more OH- ions? pH of 14

More Related