Drill

1. Drill February 3rd, 2013 • What are three (3) purposes for which living room furniture may be arranged? • What is a concept sketch?

2. Applications of Technology Ordering Principles

3. Architecture What is Architecture? • Architecture is the art, science, and profession of • planning, designing, and supervising the • construction of new buildings, landscapes, • communities, and furnishings in their totality, • examiningtheir environment in accordance with • the principles of utility, strength, and aesthetics.

4. What are some of the Principles of Aesthetics? Architecture is composed of many ordering elements that effect how a building is designed and how people experience spaces within buildings. • Forms and spaces of a building may be created based • on a geometric basis. The forms and spaces of any • building should acknowledge: • The hierarchy ingrained in the • functions they contain • The users they serve • The purposes or meaning they • convey • The scope or context • they address

5. What are some of the Principles of Aesthetics? The following are principles used as visual devices to allow the diverse forms of a building to coexist perceptually and conceptually within an ordered, unified, and harmonious whole: • Transformation • Hierarchy • Axis • Rhythm • Symmetry • Datum

6. Transformation • Transformation is an architectural concept, structure, or • organization that can be altered through a series of discrete • manipulations and permutations in response to a specific context • or set of conditions without a loss of identity or concept. • abc • acb • Permutation: changing the order of • elements arranged in a particular • order • bac • cab

7. Transformation Ward Willets House by Frank Lloyd Wright is an example of the transformation of the Cruciform Plan.

8. Transformation The Thomas Hardy House is another example of transforming the Cruciform Plan.

9. Transformation of Form Subtractive: subtracting portions of a volume. Form may retain identity or become a new form. House at Stabio, Mario Botta Switserland Gwathmey Residence Amagensett, New York

10. Transformation of Form Additive: addition of elements to a volume. How elements are added and the number and size of elements determine if the original form retains its identity. • Il Redentore; Andrea Palladio • Venice, Italy Villa Rotunda, Palladio Vicenza, Italy

11. Transformation of Form Dimensional: altering one or more of a solids dimensions. The solid may be compressed or stretched. Transformation of other types of solids Unite d’Habitation, Le Corbusier Firminy-Vert, France

12. Collisions of Geometry Two forms of differing geometry may collideand interpenetrate each other’s boundaries. Each form will compete for visual dominance. Rotated Grid Circle and Square Chancellery Building, French Embassy Le Corbusier St. Marks Tower Frank Lloyd Wright

13. Axis, Symmetry, & Datum An axisis a line established by two pointsin spaceabout which forms and spaces can be arranged in a symmetrical or balanced manner. • Symmetry: balanced distribution • of equivalent forms/spaces on • opposite sides of a dividing line or • plane, or about a center or axis • Datum: line, plane, or volume that • by its continuity and regularity • serves to gather, measure, and • organize a pattern of forms and • spaces

14. Axis, Symmetry, & Datum An axis has a beginning and end point, induces movement, and promotes views along the path. The idea of axis may be reinforced by defining edges along the length. Teotihuacan (City of the Gods, Mexico Pyramids of the Sun & Moon, Avenue of the Dead, citadel, and market.

15. Axis, Symmetry, & Datum Bilateral symmetry: one plane dividing the whole arrangement into identical halves Radial symmetry: similar halves at any angle Around a centerpoint or along a central axis Villa Rotunda, Palladio Vicenza, Italy Monticello, Thomas Jefferson Charlottesville, VA

16. Axis, Symmetry, & Datum It is hard to detect the notes and relative pitches of the music above without a staff. The staff is used as a datum to organize the spacing of notes and to accentuate the difference between a series of notes.

17. Axis, Symmetry, & Datum A volume can collect the pattern of elements within its boundary. Phillip Exeter Academy Library • Louis Kahn • Exeter, New Hampshire

18. Axis, Symmetry, & Datum A plane may gather elements or serve as a background for the encompassing elements and frame them in its field.

19. Rhythm and Repetition Rhythm: unifying movement characterized by patterned repetition/alteration of forms/shapes in the same or modified form. Structural patterns incorporate repetition. Rhythm can be witnessed in the arrangement of rooms in this apartment building. • Unite d’Habitation • Le Corbusier

20. Rhythm and Repetition In the case of the Sydney Opera house, we witness reverberating patterns. The Victorian houses show multiple rhythms laid over one another in the façade of a building. Sydney Opera House, John Utzon • Sydney, Australia Victorian Houses San Fransisco, California

21. Hierarchy Hierarchy: articulating the importance of a form/space by its size, shape, or placement relative to other shapes/forms of the organization. Hierarchy by Size Hierarchy by Shape Hierarchy by Placement

22. Hierarchy • Catherdral • dominates urban • landscape in • Florence, Italy Legislative Assembly Building Le Corbusier Punjab, India Olivetti Training School James Stiling Haslemere, England