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Cardiovascular System. By: Haley Groesbeck & Kayla Brice. Functions. Transport- The nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to cells throughout the body and removal of wastes like carbon dioxide, nitrogenous wastes, and heat. Protection-
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Cardiovascular System By: Haley Groesbeck & Kayla Brice
Functions Transport- • The nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to cells throughout the body and removal of wastes like carbon dioxide, nitrogenous wastes, and heat. Protection- • Protects the body with white blood cells, antibodies, and complement proteins. These circulate in the blood and defend the body against microbes and toxins. • Clotting mechanisms help protect the body from blood loss after injuries. Regulation- • The body temperature, fluid pH, and water content of cells.
Heart • It’s a muscle that is big as your fist. • The heart pumps 24 hours a day without getting tired. • The heart muscle is special because of what it does. The heart sends blood around your body. The blood provides your body with the oxygen and nutrients it needs. It also carries away waste that is in your body. • Your heart is sort of like a pump, or two pumps but together to make one. The right side of your heart receives blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs. The left side of the heart does the exact opposite: It receives blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the body. • Before each beat, your heart fills with blood. Then its muscle contracts to squirt the blood along. When the heart contracts, it squeezes out the blood. Your heart does this all day and all night, all the time.
Blood Vessels • Tubes that blood flows through. • Three different kinds of blood vessels: -arteries -veins -capillaries • Blood vessels are kind of like freeways. Small arteries and veins are like back roads. • Major veins and arteries are more like super highways. They carry blood across larger areas and to other organs throughout the body.
Blood • Delivers nutrients and oxygen to all of our cells and removing carbon dioxide and waste. • Made of different kinds of cells. • Every cell in the body gets its nutrients from blood. • Blood is a mixture of two components: cells and plasma. • The adult human body contains approximately 5 liters of blood; it makes up 7 to 8 percent of a person's body weight. Approximately to 3 liters of blood is plasma and the rest is the cellular portion. • Plasma is the liquid portion of the blood. Blood cells like red blood cells float in the plasma. • Blood is about 78 percent water. • Blood takes about 20 seconds to circulate throughout the entire vascular system.
Arteries • Carry blood away from the heart. • The hollow center where blood flows through is called the lumen. • Walls of arteries are dense, elastic and muscular. • The biggest artery is called the aorta. • This artery handles blood pumped at high forces with each and every heartbeat. • The rubbery walls help to ensure that the artery doesn’t burst under all of the pressure.
Veins • Veins carry blood towards the heart. • Most veins carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the lungs. • Vein color is determined in large part by the color of venous blood, which is usually dark red as a result of its low oxygen content. Veins appear blue because the subcutaneous fat absorbs low frequency light. • Venous insufficiency is the most common disorder of the venous system, and is usually called spider veins or varicose veins. Treatments can include radiofrequency ablation, vein stripping, lasers, or compression. • Postphlebitic syndrome is venous insufficiency that develops following deep vein thrombosis. • Deep vein thrombosis is a condition where a blood clot forms in a deep vein. • Thrombophlebitis is an inflammatory condition of the veins related to blood clots.
Capillaries • Tiny blood vessels connect arteries to veins. • The walls are so thin that oxygen, nutrients, and wastes can pass through them. • Capillaries are in the lungs, for example, it allows oxygen from the lungs to enter the blood. • Capillaries are the smallest blood vessel. They serve to distribute oxygenated blood from arteries to the tissues of the body and to feed deoxygenated blood from the tissues back into the veins. • Capillaries are from about 5-10 microns in diameter. Capillary walls are thin. Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and wastes are exchanged through the thin walls.
Red blood cells • Red blood cells give blood its color. • They carry oxygen to other cells in the body. • One drop of blood contains millions of blood cells which constantly are traveling around your body. • When they are traveling throughout your body they are delivering oxygen and removing wastes. • If red blood cells didn't have these functions, then your body would slowly die. • What makes these cells red is because they contain a protein chemical called hemoglobin. • The element iron is found in hemoglobin and it is great to transport carbon dioxide and oxygen. • The average life of a red blood cell is 120 days. • When blood passes through the lungs oxygen molecules attach to the hemoglobin. • When blood passes through the tissue the hemoglobin releases the oxygen to other cells.
White blood cells • Help defend the body against illness. • When a white blood cell sees a germ it has different ways to attack it: 1. Some will produce protective antibodies that will overpower that germ. 2. Others will surround and devour the bacteria. • A white blood cell has a short live span, it can live from a few days to a few weeks. • Just one drop of blood can contain anywhere from 7,000 to 25,000 white blood cells at a time. • If any invading infection will fight back and persist, that number will increase. • When there is a significant amount of white blood cells, then that means that person has leukemia, a type of cancer in the blood. • A leukemic patient will have up to 50,000 white blood cells in just one drop.
Diseases that affect this system • Angina • Atherosclerosis • Cardiac Arrhythmia • Cardiomyopathy • Chronic Venous Insufficiency(CVI) • High Blood Pressure • High Cholesterol • High Homocysteine (Hyperhomocysteinemia) • High Triglycerides • Hypoglycemia • Insulin Resistance Syndrome(IRS) • Mitral Valve Prolapse(MVP) • Myocardial Infarction(MI, Heart Attack) • Sickle Cell Anemia • Leukemia • Autologous Blood transfusion
What would happen to our bodies if the cardiovascular system failed… Without the heart to pump blood through your body you would not be able to sustain life and you would die. Also the blood would not be able to get to your brain and so you could go unconscious and end up dying. If plasma built up around the arteries they would fail because they would not get enough oxygen to survive. So obviously you would die from anything!!
Relationships to other systems • One system that is related to the cardiovascular system is the Lymphatic system. It rids the body of waste products, protects are body from harmful effects of getting sick. • Another system is the nervous system. Its what recognizes signals, and controls are actions. Our brain then recognizes these signals and sends them to the adrenal glands.
Body systems that work with the cardiovascular system 1. The respiratory system works together with the cardiovascular system because they both work towards the same goal. They both get oxygen to tissue and get carbon dioxide out. The respiratory system works to get oxygen to the blood and removing carbon dioxide. 2. The other systems are the nervous system and endocrine system. When we exercise our brain (nervous system) recognizes this and signals the adrenal glands (endocrine system) to release adrenaline to make your heart (cardiovascular system) pump faster to supply more blood/oxygen to your muscles in order that you achieve the task, whether fight. The systems work together to maintain homeostasis. If there is stress on one system, other systems kicks in to correct the imbalance.
Disorders and treatment Diabetes Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis treatment usually begins with lifestyle changes, such as eating well, exercising regularly, quitting smoking, and maintaining a healthy weight. In addition, medications may be prescribed, such as ACE inhibitors. In advanced cases, atherosclerosis treatment may require special procedures such as angioplasty or open heart surgery to open an artery and make the blood flow. Other According to the American Heart Association, over 80,000,000 Americans have one form or another of cardiovascular disease. Some of the most common cardiovascular diseases include "heart disease," "hypertension," "atherosclerosis," "diabetes" and "peripheral artery disease" or "PAD." • The major goal in treating diabetes is to minimize any elevation of blood sugar without causing low levels of blood sugar. Some diabetes are treated with insulin , exercise , and a diabetic diet . Other diabetes are treated first with weight reduction, a diabetic diet , and exercise. When these measures fail to control the elevated blood sugars, medications are used. If medications are still insufficient, treatment with insulin is considered. • Weight reduction and exercise are important treatments for diabetes. Weight reduction and exercise increase the body's sensitivity to insulin, helping to control blood sugar elevations.
Sites we went to……. • Functions of the Cardiovascular System. Web. 10 Jan. 10. <http://www.cliffsnotes.com/WileyCDA/CliffsReviewTopic/Functions-of-the-Cardiovascular-System.topicArticleId-22032,articleId-21963.html>. • Google images. Web. 11 Jan. 10. <http://images.google.com/imghp?hl=en&tab=wi>. • Howstuffworks.com. Web. 10 Jan. 10. <http://health.howstuffworks.com/blood.htm>. • Kidshealth.org. Web. 10 Jan. 10. <http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/heart.html>. • White blood cells. Web. 10 Jan. 10. <http://www.fi.edu/learn/heart/blood/white.html>. • Livestrong.com. Web. 12 Jan. 10. <http://www.livestrong.com/article/18606-cardiovascular-system-work-respiratory-system/>. • EHow.com. Web. 10 Jan. 10. <http://www.ehow.com/about_5147126_lymphatic-system-related-cardiovascular-system.html>. • How does the cardiovascular system depend on other body systems? Web. 12 Jan. 10. <http://genesis.findfastr.com/cardiovascular/how-does-the-cardiovascular-system-depend-on-other-body-systems • Atherosclerosis Treatment. Web. 25 Jan. 2010. <http://heart-disease.emedtv.com/atherosclerosis/atherosclerosis-treatment.html>. • Diabetes treatments. Web. 25 Jan. 2010. <http://www.medicinenet.com/diabetes_treatment/article.htm>.
Sites continued…. • How Does the Cardiovascular Systems Depend On Other Body Systems. Web. 24 Jan. 2010. <http://genesis.findfastr.com/cardiovascular/how-does-the-cardiovascular-system-depend-on-other-body-systems>. • Kayla’s Aunt Michelle who is a Nurse Practitioner. Yay go aunt!!
