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Essential Questions

Essential Questions. What were the main causes and goals of the Crusades? What role did Saladin play in the Crusades? What were at least three results of the Crusades? What were the Pope’s motives for starting the Crusades?. The High (Late) Middle Ages. Crusades Notes. Causes.

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Essential Questions

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  1. Essential Questions • What were the main causes and goals of the Crusades? • What role did Saladin play in the Crusades? • What were at least three results of the Crusades? • What were the Pope’s motives for starting the Crusades?

  2. The High (Late) Middle Ages Crusades Notes

  3. Causes • In 1093, the Byzantine emperor asked for help against the Muslim Turks who were attacking Constantinople.

  4. Goals • To recover Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Muslim Turks.

  5. Soldiers’ Motives • Promise of riches, a release from their sins, and a place in Heaven if they died on Crusade • Younger sons were looking for land and a position in society

  6. Pope’s Motives • Get rid of knights were fought each other and threatened the peace of the kingdom • Conquer land held by Byzantine Empire

  7. The First Crusade • 1097: ill-prepared Crusaders gathered in Constantinople, they had no plan or information and argued constantly • 1099: they finally captured Jerusalem after a month-long battle • Established four states, each ruled by a European noble • 1144: Edessa (one of the four) was reconquered by the Turks

  8. The Second Crusade • Organized to recapture the city of Edessa but the armies escaped back to Europe in defeat • 1187: Europeans were shocked to learn Jerusalem itself had fallen to the Muslim leader Saladin

  9. The Third Crusade • Led by Richard the Lion-Hearted, the English King • 1192: After many battles, Richard and Saladin agreed to a truce • Jerusalem was still under Muslim control, but Saladin promised that unarmed Christian pilgrims could freely visit the city’s holy places

  10. The Fourth Crusade • 1198: Pope Innocent III calls for another Crusade to capture Jerusalem • The knights get caught up in Italian and Byzantine politics on their way • 1204: They end up looting the city of Constantinople and end the Crusade

  11. Crusade Notes Impacts of the Crusades

  12. Trade • Increased trade between Europe and Southwest Asia • Goods imported from S.W. Asia included spices, fruits, cotton, and cloth

  13. Church • Lessened the power of the Pope

  14. Feudal Rulers • Weakened the feudal nobility • Thousands of knights lost their lives and fortunes • Kings become stronger

  15. Knowledge • European technology improves as Crusaders learn from Muslims • Windmills, Algebra, Medicine, and Arabic numbers are all brought over from the Muslims

  16. Religious Views • Religious intolerance grows • For Muslims, the actions of Crusaders left behind feelings of bitterness and hatred • For Christians who remained in the area after the fall of the Crusader states, relations with Muslims worsened

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