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Mitosis. Fig. 12-2. Why do cells divide?. 20 µm. 100 µm. 200 µm. (a) Reproduction. (b) Growth and development. (c) Tissue renewal. Fig. 12-3. 20 µm. Fig. 16-21a. Chromatin Packing. Nucleosome (10 nm in diameter).
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Fig. 12-2 Why do cells divide? 20 µm 100 µm 200 µm (a) Reproduction (b) Growth and development (c) Tissue renewal
Fig. 12-3 20 µm
Fig. 16-21a Chromatin Packing Nucleosome (10 nm in diameter) DNA double helix (2 nm in diameter) H1 Histone tail Histones DNA, the double helix Histones Nucleosomes, or “beads on a string” (10-nm fiber)
Fig. 16-21b Chromatin Packing Chromatid (700 nm) 30-nm fiber Loops Scaffold 300-nm fiber Replicated chromosome (1,400 nm) 30-nm fiber Looped domains (300-nm fiber) Metaphase chromosome
Fig. 12-4 0.5 µm Chromosomes DNA molecules Chromo- some arm Chromosome duplication (including DNA synthesis) Centromere Sister chromatids Separation of sister chromatids Centromere Sister chromatids
Fig. 12-5 INTERPHASE S (DNA synthesis) G1 Cytokinesis G2 Mitosis MITOTIC (M) PHASE
Fig. 12-6b G2 of Interphase Prophase Prometaphase Chromatin (duplicated) Centrosomes (with centriole pairs) Early mitotic spindle Fragments of nuclear envelope Centromere Aster Nonkinetochore microtubules Kinetochore Nuclear envelope Plasma membrane Chromosome, consisting of two sister chromatids Kinetochore microtubule Nucleolus
Table 6-1a 10 µm Column of tubulin dimers 25 nm Tubulin dimer
Fig. 12-6b G2 of Interphase Prophase Prometaphase Chromatin (duplicated) Centrosomes (with centriole pairs) Early mitotic spindle Fragments of nuclear envelope Centromere Aster Nonkinetochore microtubules Kinetochore Nuclear envelope Plasma membrane Chromosome, consisting of two sister chromatids Kinetochore microtubule Nucleolus
Fig. 12-7 Aster Centrosome Sister chromatids Microtubules Chromosomes Metaphase plate Kineto- chores Centrosome 1 µm Overlapping nonkinetochore microtubules Kinetochore microtubules 0.5 µm
Telophase and Cytokinesis Metaphase Anaphase Nucleolus forming Metaphase plate Cleavage furrow Daughter chromosomes Nuclear envelope forming Centrosome at one spindle pole Spindle
Fig. 12-8b Chromosome movement Kinetochore Tubulin Subunits Motor protein Microtubule Chromosome
Telophase and Cytokinesis Metaphase Anaphase Nucleolus forming Metaphase plate Cleavage furrow Daughter chromosomes Nuclear envelope forming Centrosome at one spindle pole Spindle
Fig. 12-9 Vesicles forming cell plate Wall of parent cell 1 µm 100 µm Cleavage furrow Cell plate New cell wall Daughter cells Contractile ring of microfilaments Daughter cells (a) Cleavage of an animal cell (SEM) (b) Cell plate formation in a plant cell (TEM) BioFlix: Mitosis
Fig. 12-11-1 Cell wall Origin of replication Plasma membrane E. coli cell Binary fission in bacteria Bacterial chromosome Two copies of origin
Fig. 12-11-2 Cell wall Origin of replication Plasma membrane E. coli cell Binary fission in bacteria Bacterial chromosome Two copies of origin Origin Origin
Fig. 12-11-3 Cell wall Origin of replication Plasma membrane E. coli cell Binary fission in bacteria Bacterial chromosome Two copies of origin Origin Origin
Fig. 12-11-4 Cell wall Origin of replication Plasma membrane E. coli cell Binary fission in bacteria Bacterial chromosome Two copies of origin Origin Origin
Fig. 12-11-4 Cell wall Origin of replication Plasma membrane E. coli cell Binary fission in bacteria Bacterial chromosome Two copies of origin Origin Origin How do bacteria ensure their chromosome gets into the daughter cell without a mitotic spindle?
Exploring binary fission with Briana Burton How do bacteria ensure their chromosome gets into the daughter cell without a mitotic spindle? • Sigma factor only expressed in forespore. • So cfp and yfp only expressed when gene is physically in the forespore.
