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Vowels

Vowels. Webpage: http://web.pdx.edu/~connjc/. Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations. Cardinal vowels = not real language - the extreme positions of the vowel space - use IPA vowel symbols to represent

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Vowels

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  1. Vowels Webpage: http://web.pdx.edu/~connjc/

  2. Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations • Cardinal vowels = not real language - the extreme positions of the vowel space - use IPA vowel symbols to represent • A language uses these symbols for the closest vowel like articulation in that language (English [i] is not cardinal [i] but cardinal [i] is closest) • Cardinal vowel (1) = [i] – any further front/high would be (voiced palatal fricative) • Cardinal vowel (5) = - any further lower/back would be (voiced pharyngeal fric) • Vowel quality in different languages and varieties of the same language differ - not always phonetically accurate

  3. Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations • Cardinal vowels pretend equal distance between each vowel, but the front vowels have much further space from high to low than the back vowels (See Figure 9.3, p. 215) http://www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/phonetics/#

  4. Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations • Tongue height not really valid – there is an auditory quality that is more appropriately captured by “vowel height” and can be measured acoustically (F1, F2, etc).

  5. Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations • Secondary cardinal vowels are identical to primary, but have opposite lip rounding (plus a couple extra) See Figure 9.5, p. 217

  6. Chapter 9 Acoustic analysis of vowels – from Plotnik – Portland speaker (contrast with Figures 9.6-9.8, pp 219-220) C = syllable closed by Cons; F = free – vowel final; V = closed by voiced Cons or final; 0 = closed by voiceless Cons

  7. Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations • Vowels - vowel space broken down even more than in English

  8. Chapter 9 Acoustic analysis of vowels – from Plotnik – Portland speaker (contrast with Figures 9.6-9.8, pp 219-220) C = syllable closed by Cons; F = free – vowel final; V = closed by voiced Cons or final; 0 = closed by voiceless Cons

  9. Different Vowel Systems - Portland C = syllable closed by Cons; F = free – vowel final; V = closed by voiced Cons or final; 0 = closed by voiceless Cons

  10. Different Vowel Systems – Philly Bonnie C = syllable closed by Cons; F = free – vowel final; V = closed by voiced Cons or final; 0 = closed by voiceless Cons

  11. Different Vowel Systems - Portland C = syllable closed by Cons; F = free – vowel final; V = closed by voiced Cons or final; 0 = closed by voiceless Cons

  12. Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations • Vowels - vowel space broken down even more than in English

  13. Q a Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations Vowel Chart Modified HIGH MID LOW

  14. Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations • Summary of vowel quality (see Table 9.2, p. 226) • Height • Backness • Rhotaciziation • Rounding • ATR • Naasalization

  15. Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations • Advanced tongue root = ATR - pharyngeal constriction • Not the same as tense/lax but kinda sorta • [ e2 ] = retracted tongue root (-ATR) • [ e1 ] = advanced tongue root (+ATR)

  16. Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations • Rhotacized vowels - different ways to produce r-coloring (shown in acoustic signal by lowering of F3) • Nasalization - Vowels are nasalized = air is allowed to escape the nasal passage AS WELL AS the oral passage • Approximants can also be nasalized • Vowel quality - Height, backness, rounding, rhotacization, ATR, nasalization

  17. Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations • Secondary articulations (See p.231 – Table 9.5) • Palatalization - as in Russian = added [j] after consonant • Palatalized = above; a sound made closer to palatal region (English [k] in word ‘key’ is palatalized); historical process that turns sounds into alveopalatal consonants • Velarization - secondary raising of back of tongue (dark [l] in English)

  18. Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations • Secondary articulations (See p.231 – Table 9.5) • Pharyngealization - narrowing of pharynx (Hebrew, Arabic) • Labialization - additional lip rounding ([w] after/at the same time as consonant) • Labialization + palatalization

  19. Chapter 9 - Vowels and vowel-like articulations

  20. Practice – try to transcribe the following words

  21. Practice – try to transcribe the following words

  22. Vowel Practice?

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