SAR & HAC 규격동향

1. SAR & HAC 규격동향

2. Definition of SAR • SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) 송신기로부터 인체에 흡수되는 단위질량 당 전자파의 양을 에너지로 표시한 것. • 단위는 watts per kilogram (W/kg).

3. ICNIRP Guidelines • 국제비전리방사보호위원회(ICNIRP)가 전자파 인체노출 • 한계에 대한 Guideline을 제시 2 W/kg (10g)

4. 2 W/kg (10g) 유럽 일본 SAR Limits • 유럽과 일본 등은 2 W/kg (10g) 의 기준을 따르지만 미국과 캐나다, 한국 등의 나라들은 1.6 W/kg (1g) 을 기준으로 함. 1.6 W/kg (1g) *더 엄격한 기준임 미국 한국

5. CE SAR Criteria • Test Standard : EN50630 2001 • Test Method : EN50361 2001 • Test scope of SAR Evaluation • Only Portable Device, Not Mobile Device • Head SAR Measurement only • Output power is more than 20mW • In case of Mobile Device applying a far field RF • exposure calculation according to EN50385/ EN50383

6. FCC SAR Criteria • Test Standard : 47CFR Part 2.1093 • Test Method : OET Bulletin 65, Supplement C(July 2001) • Test scope of SAR Evaluation • Transmitter use distance < 20cm from Body • Head and Body SAR Measurements • Use distance ≥ 20cm applying MPE calculation • SAR Evaluation Criteria 가 제품의 사양에 따라 • 다소 복잡함. • FCC에서는 KDB (Knowledge Data Base) 문서를 통해 • Handset과 laptop 등의 Multi-transmitter 적용방법을 • Issue함.

7. Overview RF Exposure KDBs • KDB 447498Mobile and Portable Device RF Exposure Procedures and Equipment Authorization Policies • General SAR thresholds and conditions • Simultaneous-Tx(동시전송) 을 하지 않는 devices • KDB 616217 or 648474에서 다루지 않는 Simultaneous-Tx(동시전송) 가능한 multi-Tx product 적용방법 • Laptops, tablets, body-worn, and hand-held devices 등 • KDB 616217SAR Evaluation Considerations for Laptop Computers with Antennas Built-in on Display Screens • 주파수, 출력, 안테나 거리에 따른 test reductions 정의 등. • KDB 648474 SAR Evaluation Considerations for Handsets with Multiple Transmitters and Antennas

8. DASY4 SYSTEM in KTL

9. HAC (Hearing Aid Compatibility) ? • 보청기사용자들은 무선전화기를 사용할 때 RF field 에 의한 Interference 등으로 불편을 호소 • HAC는 무선기기와 보청기간의 호환성을 시험

10. Backgrounds • 미국인구의 약 10%가 청력에 문제가 있으며 그 중 약 80% 가 보청기를 사용함 • 전세계적으로 약 5억 명이 청력장애를 앓고 있음 • 2003년 7월 FCC는 무선기기 제조사와 사업자에게 보청기 와 호환성을 갖는 단말기를 소비자에 공급하게 하는 rule을 채택

11. ANCI C63.19 • 1996년 ANSI C63은 SC8 (medical devices) 아래 Task Group을 결성함 • ANSI C63.19-2001 의 Standard가 완성되어 현재 2007 Version까지 발행 • 800 ~ 3000 MHz 범위의 무선단말기와 보청기에 적용 되는 기준 • 무선단말기의 RF-Emission, T-coil mode와 보청기의 RF Immunity 시험에 적용

12. ANCI C63.19 2007 • 2007 Version 주요 변경사항 • 2006, 2007 Version 을 2009년 까지 모두 적용이 가능 • 2010년부터는 2007 Version만을 적용해야 함.

13. Operation of Wireless Device and Hearing Aid

14. Organization and use of ANSI C63.19

15. RF Emissions Test • RF E-field Emission, RF H-field EmissionMeasurement

16. RF E & H field Emission Measurement of WD • The Grid is 5X5 area that is divided into 9 evenly • sized blocks or sub-grids. Example E-field Scan

17. RF E & H field Emission Measurement of WD • M-Rating Determination Multiply the peak emissions values by an appropriate probe modulation factor. For GSM signal, Crest Factor = 26frames X 8times-slots =8.3 25frames used For ideal) Probe Modulation Factor =√ Crest Factor = 2.88 Peak Field Intensity = 20 · log ( Raw X PMF)

18. RF E & H field Emission Measurement of WD • M Rating Determination : M3, M4 가 PASS Articulation Weighting Factor (AWF) • AWF shall be used for the • standard transmission protocols

19. T-coil signal Test • Three quantities are measured and evaluated. • 1.Field intensity of desired signal at the center of the audio band. • 2.Frequency response of the desired signal measured • across the audio band. • 3.Signal quality, which is defined as the difference between • the desired and undesired magnetic field levels.

20. T-coil Measurement setup in call mode

21. AM 1D Probe AMCC AMMI WD PC Base Station Simulator T-coil Measurement setup in call mode

22. T-coil Performance • Axial and Radial Field Intensity All Orientations of the magnetic field, in the axial, horizontal and Vertical position along the measurement plane Shall be ≥ -18 dB (A/m) at 1KHz, in 1/3 octave band filter. • Frequency Response • Signal quality

23. T-coil Performance • Frequency response Magnetic field frequency response for WDs with a field between ≤ -15dB (A/m) at 1 kHz

24. T-coil Performance • Frequency response Magnetic field frequency response for WDs with a field that exceeds -15dB (A/m) at 1 kHz

25. T-coil Performance • Signal quality

26. Hearing Aid compatibility • System performance classification table

27. FCC Requirement for Manufacturers & Service providers • 2008년 Manufacturer requirements M3 이상의 레벨을 최소 1/3 이상의 모델에 적용 T3 이상의 레벨을 최소 두 모델 이상의 단말기에 적용 2009년 2월부터 50%의 모델에 M3이상을 요구하며 매년 기준을 강화 • 2008년 Service provider requirements M3 이상의 레벨을 최소 50% 또는 8대 이상의 단말기에 적용 T3 이상의 레벨을 최소 1/3 이상의 모델에 적용 2009년 2월부터 매년 기준을 강화 • 각 통신방식(CDMA, GSM) 에 따로 적용함

28. Definition of a Model • No differences in form, features, or user capabilities, or that only differentiate particular carrier ► Not counted as distinct models • Change in the hearing aid compatibility rating ► give a new model name/number • Change in M or T rating ► “form, features of capabilities.” in change

29. Bands and Modes without Standards • 2007 ANSI C63.19 establishes standards only for certain air interfaces in the 800-950 MHz and 1.6-2.5 GHz bands • Testing cannot be performed, and no rules currently apply, outside these bands/interfaces • FCC adopted streamlined process for adopting future expansions of Standard

30. Multi-Band/Multi-Mode Phones • handsets must meet standards in all frequency bands, all air interfaces. Technical standards exists • No multi-band/multi-mode phones without standards currently exist. Except for Wi-Fi • Multi-band/multi-mode phones with Wi-Fi voice capability ► Be counted as Hearing aid-compatible under FCC rules ► Labeling must disclose that handset is not rated for Wi-Fi operation • ANSI ASC C63 consider new technologies & deciding what rules to establish going forward

31. Q&A Thank-you!