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Westward Expansion: Manifest Destiny and the Acquisition of New Territory

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  1. #26 Ch.3.3 Notes Manifest Destiny OBJECTIVE: Understand how Americans continued to move westward and gained new territory through diplomacy and war.

  2. REASONS FOR WESTWARD EXPANSION

  3. Settling the Frontier • Americans Pursue Manifest Destiny • Manifest Destiny: belief that the U.S. would expand to the West. • Settlers seek land and opportunity; merchants, manufacturers follow.

  4. Trails West • Santa Fe Trail: Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico (Traders) • Oregon Trail: Missouri to Oregon City, Oregon (Missionaries and Farmers)

  5. The Mormon Migration • Mormons flee religious persecution; Brigham Young leads trek to Utah. • Mormons settle in desert near Great Salt Lake.

  6. Texan Independence • Mexican government offers former Spanish mission lands to American settlers. • Stephen F. Austin forms an American colony in Texas. • By 1830, over 20,000 U.S. settlers; more Anglos than Tejanos (Mexicans).

  7. The Texas Revolution • Cultural differences arise: • Anglos speak English, not Spanish. • Southerners bring slaves; Mexico abolished slavery. • Rebellions break out; Texas Revolution begins (1835).

  8. Remember the Alamo • In 1836, Santa Anna attacks the Alamo, all Anglos, many Mexican die. • Sam Houston, rebel commander, leads attack; captures Mexican General Santa Anna. • Treaty of Velasco grants Texas independence; Houston elected President.

  9. Texas Moves Toward the Union • Texas, South want annexation; North fears slavery, war with Mexico. • James Polk elected President in 1844; favors slavery, annexation.

  10. The War with Mexico • Polk Urges War • U.S. President Polk believes war will bring New Mexico and California to U.S.

  11. The War Begins • John C. Fremont leads military party to California, provokes war. • Americans Win the War with Mexico • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) • Results: Mexico cedes western lands to the U.S. for $15 million.

  12. The California Gold Rush • The Forty-Niners • 1848, gold discovered at Sutter’s Mill in California. • Forty-Niners, or gold prospectors, come from East, Mexico, overseas.

  13. The Golden Economy • Gold finances growth of farming, manufacturing, shipping, banking. • San Francisco becomes supply center, major port. “Go West, Young Man”- Horace Greeley tells youth to go after gold in California.

  14. Ch.3.3 Review Chart

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