1 / 40

A. Ginati Head of EO Future Programmes Department ESA/ESTEC

Earth Observation Programmes Directorate. A. Ginati Head of EO Future Programmes Department ESA/ESTEC. Earth Explorer Future Missions Earth Watch Activities. 6 November 2002 ESA Earth Observation Info Day . Earth Observation Programmes Directorate. ESA’s LIVING PLANET PROGRAMME.

agostino
Télécharger la présentation

A. Ginati Head of EO Future Programmes Department ESA/ESTEC

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Earth Observation Programmes Directorate A. GinatiHead of EO Future Programmes DepartmentESA/ESTEC • Earth Explorer Future Missions • Earth Watch Activities 6 November 2002 ESA Earth Observation Info Day

  2. Earth Observation Programmes Directorate ESA’s LIVING PLANET PROGRAMME • ESA’S LIVING PLANET RATIONALE “THE FOUR THEMES” • EARTH OBSERVATION ENVELOPE PROGRAMME • EARTH EXPLORER CORE MISSIONS • EARTH EXPLORER OPPORTUNITY MISSIONS • EARTH WATCH MISSIONS • SUMMARY 6 November 2002 ESA Earth Observation Info Day

  3. THE FOUR THEMES Earth Observation Programmes Directorate • Four fundamental themes underlie ESA’s Earth Observation Science and Research Element of the ‘Living Planet’ Programme (ESA SP-1227), namely: • • Theme 1 - Earth Interiorincluding marine geoid, gravity and magnetic field at various scales, from local or regional to global. • • Theme 2 - Physical Climate Systemspanning the time scales from fast (days to weeks) via medium term (seasonal to interannual) to long term (decadal to centennial). • • Theme 3 - Geosphere-Biosphereincluding carbon, energy and water cycles, bio-chemical cycles and the productivity of the different ecosystems. • • Theme 4 - Atmosphere and Marine Environmentand anthropogenic impactcomprising composition changes by human activity, chemical processes in troposphere and stratosphere and marine pollution. • These themes span the full Earth System and recognise the need for the detailed treatment of interactions between the regimes. See Earth Explorers: Science and Research Elements of ESA’s Living Planet Programme (ESA SP-1227)

  4. EO Missions and the 4 Themes Earth Observation Programmes Directorate Theme 2: Physical Climate System Theme 1: Earth Interior (Envisat - RA2, AATSR) CryoSat SMOS GOCE SWARM WALES MSG (Envisat - ASAR) ADM-Aeolus ACE+ EGPM EarthCARE ERS-2 GCOM (SWIFT) TerraSAR ENVISAT Envisat (MIPAS) METOP (ERS- GOME) (Envisat - Sciamachy) SPECTRA (Envisat - GOMOS) Envisat (MERIS) Theme 4: Anthropogenic Impact on Atmos. and Biosphere Theme 3: Geosphere-Biosphere 6 November 2002 ESA Earth Observation Info Day

  5. ESA’S “LIVING PLANET” PROGRAMME EARTH OBSERVATION ENVELOPE PROGRAMME (EOEP) EARTH EXPLORER COMPONENT EARTH EXPLORERS Phases B, C-D, E EARTH WATCH PROGRAMME ELEMENT DEVELOPMENT AND EXPLOITATION COMPONENT Earth Observation Programmes Directorate • Two classes of user-driven missions: • Earth Explorer • Core, larger: < 400 MEURO • Opportunity, smaller: < 110 MEURO • Earth Watch • Optional programmes • Implemented in a two-element programme • The EO Envelope Programme (EOEP) • The Earth Watch Element • First slice of EOEP ongoing, • Secondslice (2003 – 2007)approved Earth Watch Programme approved • 3 Elements are in preparation EO PREPARATORY ACTIVITIES INSTRUMENT PRE- DEVELOPMENT EARTH WATCH DEFINITION ACTIVITIES MISSION EXPLOITATION MARKET DEVELOPMENT GROUND SEGMENT (EARTHNET) PRECURSOR SERVICES (ALOS) CONTINUITY of MISSIONS

  6. E ARTH O BSERVATION E NVELOPE P ROGRAMME Earth Observation Programmes Directorate

  7. The Earth Explorer missions: criteria Earth Observation Programmes Directorate • Missions are proposed, evaluated, recommended, developed and exploited by the science community • Implementation follows clear, transparent mechanisms with well defined steps • Transition from one step to the next requires evaluation by peers and ESAC, recommendation by ESAC and approval by PB-EO of D/EOP proposal. Evaluation for transition to next step follows seven criteria established with ESAC and PB-EO: • 1 Relevance to the research objectives • 2 Need, usefulness and excellence • 3 Uniqueness and complementarity • 4 Degree of innovation and contribution to the advancement of European EO capabilities • 5 Feasibility and level of maturity • 6 Timeliness • 7 Programmatics

  8. ACECHEM EarthCARE GOCE SPECTRA Granada ‘96/99 Granada ‘01 WALES ADM/Aeolus WATS CryoSat Call ‘98 Call ‘01 SMOS The Earth Explorers Earth Observation Programmes Directorate CORE MISSIONS P h a s e A OPPORTUNITY MISSIONS ACE+ EGPM Phase A SWARM SWIMSAT Further studies TROC CARBOSAT

  9. 1st Earth Explorer Missions Earth Observation Programmes Directorate First Earth Explorer Opportunity Mission Ice elevation, ice thickness ( ICESAT (Abyss)) Launch 2004 First Earth Explorer Core Mission Gravity field and geoid ( GRACE) Launch 2006 CryoSAT GOCE 2nd Earth Explorer Opportunity Mission Soil moisture and ocean salinity (Hydros, Aquarius) Launch 2006 2nd Earth Explorer Core Mission Wind speed vectors ( TBD) Launch 2007 SMOS ADM-Aeolus

  10. EE core :Plans Earth Observation Programmes Directorate 2002 2003 2004 M M A M J J A S O N D E F A M J J A S O N D E F M A M ESAC ESAC – – PB PB - - EO EO IPC IPC - - ITT ITT Proposal Proposal Evaluation Evaluation PCR PCR Kick Kick - - off off PRR PRR Part Part - - 1 1 END END Part Part - - 2 2 Part Part - - 3 3 Earth Explorer Consultation Earth Explorer Consultation ESAC ESAC PB PB - - EO EO

  11. CALL FOR IDEAS & SELECTION FOR STEP 2 CALL FOR IDEAS & SELECTION FOR STEP 2 STEP 1 ASSESMENT & SELECTION FOR STEP 3 PH A & SELECTION FOR IMPLEMENTATION STEP2 PH A & SELECTION FOR IMPLEMENTATION STEP 3 PRE DEV PH B, C-D, E EXTENSION STEP 4 Earth Explorer through EOEP Earth Observation Programmes Directorate • EARTH EXPLORER CORE MISSIONS ARE SELECTED IN SETS OF TWO AND LAUNCHED EVERY TWO YEARS, • EARTH EXPLORER OPPORTUNITY MISSIONS ARE SELECTED IN SETS OF TWO AND LAUNCHED EVERY TWO YEARS. • THE DEVELOPMENT FROM START OF PHASE B TO LAUNCH SHOULD BE BELOW 30 MONTHS • FOR ALL EXPLORER MISSIONS THE NOMINAL LIFETIME IS 3 YEARS OPPORTUNITY MISSIONS CORE MISSIONS EARTH OBS ERVATION PREPARATORY ACTIVITIES (EOPA) EARTH OBS ERVATION PREPARATORY ACTIVITIES (EOPA) PRE DEV PH B, C-D, E EXTENSION INTRUMENT PRE-DEVELOPMENT EXPLORER CONTINUITY INTRUMENT PRE-DEVELOPMENT EXPLORER CONTINUITY

  12. EEOM: Plan Earth Observation Programmes Directorate 2002 2003 2004 II/02 III/02 IV/02 I/03 II/03 III/03 IV/03 I/04 ESAC/PB-EO Release AC/IPC Preparation Evaluation Tender Preparation Proposals PRR Kick-off PCR Part-3 Part-1 Part-2 Phase A study Mission Confirmation Review MCR Other cand. Science Technology National European and foreign Coordination

  13. Earth Observation Programmes Directorate EARTH EXPLORER CORE MISSIONS

  14. Explorer Core Missions, 2nd cycle Earth Observation Programmes Directorate • Second cycle of Earth Explorer Core Missions, started • Step 1: 10 proposals received, 5 pre-selected • Step 2: the 5 candidates assessed, 3 selected • EarthCARE • SPECTRA • WALES • Step 3: Phase A for 3 candidates started • Selection early 2004 of one mission Core-3 for launch in 2009 – 2011 timeframe EarthCARE SPECTRA WALES

  15. EarthCARE Earth Observation Programmes Directorate • Satellite, 1600 kg, 1200 W in sun-synchronous orbit, 400 – 450 km altitude, carrying: • Backscatter lidar (ATLID) • Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) • 7-channel multi spectral imager (MSI) • Broadband radiometer (BBR) • IR-Fourier Transform Spectrometer (IR-FTS) • - Ground segment: Command and Data Acquisition in North Europe, Mission and Satellite Operations Control at ESOC, Processing and Archiving at ESRIN • Launch: Dual launch by Japanese H-II provide basic data for numerical modelling and global studies of: • divergence of radiative energy, • aerosol-cloud-radiation interaction, • vertical distribution of water and ice and their transport by clouds, • the vertical cloud field overlap and cloud-precipitation interactions. • A unique combination of active and passive sensors

  16. DIAL L-Band & Telescope TT&C Antennae DIAL Transmitters Instrument Star Radiator Trackers WALES Earth Observation Programmes Directorate • Satellite in sun-synchronous dawn-dusk orbit, 400-450 km, • 1500 kg – 1400 W • Single payload mission operating a nadir viewing • Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) instrument operating • in the 935 nm range. • Ground segment: Command and Data Acquisition in • North Europe and Alaska, Mission and Operations Control ESOC, processing and archiving ESRIN • Launch: Soyuz class • - Distribution of water vapour, and information on aerosols • relevant to: • climate change studies, • atmospheric modelling • chemistry studies and to numerical weather forecasting

  17. +70° +60° +30°/45° «0°» -70° -30°/-45° -60° Target region SPECTRA Earth Observation Programmes Directorate • Satellite, 850 kg, 650 W, in sun-synchronous orbit, 670 km altitude • 50 km x 50 km images with 50 m spatial resolution • BRDF with sequences of images at 7 incidence angles • 62 spectral bands, pre-selected per region • Ground segment: Command and Data Acquisition in North Europe, Mission and Satellite Operations Control at ESOC, Processing and Archiving at ESRIN • Field segment: instrumented sites around the world • Launch: Dedicated, Rockot class - Role of terrestrial vegetation in the global carbon cycle - Observation of selected sites around the world in the VNIR-SWIR and TIR and under different across and along track angles for studies of the BRDF - provide samples of the Bi- directional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) of vegetation

  18. Earth Observation Programmes Directorate EARTH EXPLORER OPPORTUNITY MISSIONS

  19. SWIFT FOR GCOM-A Ozone, stratospheric winds Selected by NASDA potential passenger GCOM-A1 Part of reserve selected by ESAC CRYOSAT Variations ice thickness / mass Ku-band altimeter Phase B finalising Launch 2003 SMOS Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity L-band radiometer Extended Phase A ongoing Launch 2005 1st EEOM Earth Observation Programmes Directorate

  20. EEOM, 2nd cycle, Phase A Earth Observation Programmes Directorate 3. SWARM 1. ACE+ 2. EGPM

  21. Earth Observation Programmes Directorate EEOM, 2nd cycle, further consideration 4. SWIMSAT • Improvement of wave prediction and sea state monitoring by providing spectral observations of ocean surface waves and wind estimates • Better account for ocean surface waves effects in atmospheric and ocean circulation models 5. TROC • Tropospheric composition with emphasis on ozone • Transport, dispersion and transformation of primary pollutants • Monitor species and aerosols injected during biomass burning • Distribution and sources of greenhouse gases, Montreal, Kyoto, volcanic SO2 6. CARBOSAT • Quantify spatial and temporal variation of CO2 sources and sinks at regional scale • Estimate origin of carbon sources • Improve knowledge of global carbon cycle in climate system, verify controls or reductions of carbon emissions • Measuring CO2 column with 1 % (3 ppm) accuracy globally, co-located with • Column integrated observations of CO and carbonaceous aerosols

  22. Earth Observation Programmes Directorate EEOM, 2nd cycle, Further studies Good science, but complex and expensive: To understand the physical processes underlying earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, by retrieving the full 3-D motion vectors from 4 separate views of each global target (L-band SAR) EVINSAR GEOTROPE Vertical temperature and humidity profiles, total and tropospheric columns of key chemical constituents and additional information on aerosols and cloud parameters from geostationary orbit

  23. The EEOM candidates:ACE+ Earth Observation Programmes Directorate - 2 pairs of microsatellies, two 90 degree inclination orbits, one pair at 850 km, one pair at 650 km altitude, 180 deg apart along equator, satellites one orbit counter-rotating with respect to other orbit Payload: - GRAS for GNSS – LEO occultations - CALL for LEO-LEO occultations, at 10, 17, 23 GHz - All satellites: GRAS - One pair satellites: CALL Transmitter - Second pair satellites: CALL receiver - CALL transmitter: 20 kg, 50 W - CALL receiver: 20 kg, 40 W Satellite resources: 130 kg, 80 W, S-band downlink Launchers: At least two, Rockot or Start+Rockot - Highly accurate vertically resolved climatology of temperature and humidity - Research on climate variability and change - Validation / improvement atmospheric models - Advancements NWP - Analysis / validation data other missions - Demonstrate self calibrating technique - Ionospheric climate and weather, space weather - Assess / improve water vapour attenuation models

  24. The EEOM candidates: EGPM Earth Observation Programmes Directorate • Satellite in SSO, 14:30 LST descending node, orbit altitude 635 km (radiometer only baseline), 510 km (option with radar). • Payload: • Baseline mission: Microwave Radiometer • Baseline: 18.7, 23.8, 36.5, 89, 157 GHz, dual polarisation • Spatial resolution 5.5 km at 89 GHz • 1.2 m antenna, 30 rpm conical scan, 56 kg, 55 W, 64 Kbps • Optional channels at 10.7, 54 and 119 GHz • Recommended option also Nadir Precipitation Radar • 35.6 GHz, resolution: 4 km horizontal, 250 m vertical • 1.2 m antenna, 35 kg, 70 W, 110 kbps • Satellite • For baseline, Proteus based, 500 kg, 450 W • For option with radar, PRIMA based, 615 kg, 1 kW • Launch: dual launch Taurus or Delta with NASA drone • Ground segment challenges: handling GPM, NRT data delivery, 15 minutes delivery time for data over Europe • ESA contribution to GPM • - Improve rainfall estimation accuracy • Improve detectability light rain and snowfall • Representation precipitation in models • - NWP, Nowcasting and very short range forecasting • - Flood forecasting: Monitoring and understanding of flash floods storms • - Ocean freswater budget assessment • - Agrometerological models, soil moisture, water resources

  25. The EEOM candidates: SWARM Earth Observation Programmes Directorate • - 4 (minimum 3) microsatellites: 2 in 550km altitude 86 deg inclination, 2 in 450 km altitude 85.4 deg. Inclination orbits • - Payload: • Vector magnetometer and scalar magnetometer • Star tracker • Optical bench • GNSS sounding receiver • Accelerometer • Electric field instrument, composed of ion drift meter, retarding potential analyser and Langmuir probe • Total payload resources: 30 kg, 40 W • - Satellite budgets: 270 kg, 170 W, S-band downlink • - Launcher: Rockot • - Ground Segment: reuse OERSTED, CHAMP, GRACE - Core flow, core dynamics, core-mantle coupling, jerks - 3-D imag. mantle conductivity, lithosphere magnetisation - Position and development radiation belts - Magnetospheric / ionospheric currents systems - Monitor solar wind energy input - Ionosphere / Plasmosphere electron density - Study modulation cosmic ray flux and effect on tropospheric conductivity and associated weather and climate processes

  26. The Earth Explorer Missions: 1st and 2nd cycles Earth Observation Programmes Directorate 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 OPP-1: CRYOSAT OPP-2: SMOS CORE-1: GOCE CORE-2: ADM-Aeolus SWIFT OPPORTUNITY 3 OPPORTUNITY 4 CORE 3 CORE 4

  27. Earth Observation Programmes Directorate EARTH WATCH ACTIVITIES

  28. EARTH EXPLORER Science develops the models The Earth Explorers enable the identification of the processes and the parametrization of the phenomena EARTH WATCH The Earth Watch provide the continuos stream of data to run the model forward, refine it and to enable prediction Monitoring of key variables related to science Links of Earth Watch to Earth Explorer and Earth Science Earth Observation Programmes Directorate Research driven, concerned with advancing understanding of the Earth System processes and/or the demonstration of new observing techniques; Service driven, concerned with the operational needs of user communities. Models to understand and predict

  29. EUMETSAT Missions Earth Observation Programmes Directorate MSG HRV 1 km IR 3.8 3 km VIS 0.6 3 km IR 8.7 ” VIS 0.8 ” IR 9.7 ” IR 1.6 ” IR 10.8 ” WV 6.2 ” IR 12.0 ” WV7.4 ” IR 13.0 ” VIS 0.7 2.25 km WV 6.4 4.5 km IR 11.5 4.5 km From Meteosat to Meteosat Second Generation, exploiting the technical concept expanding the capabilities MSG-1 launched end of August 2002. Two MSG satellites under development A fourth satellite under discussion. Service foreseen until beyond 2015 EPS / MetOp Three satellites under development for launch from 2005

  30. Post MSG New EUMETSAT Missions: Earth Observation Programmes Directorate • Work started in EUMETSAT and ESA on post-MSG mission. Joint work plan established for User Consolidation Phase. • Two pillars: • Application Expert Groups lead EUMETSAT, defining requirements • Remote Sensing Expert Groups, lead ESA, analysing techniques • Plan includes workshops and studies in support of consolidation of requirements. • ESA phase 0 studies, derived from first user workshop, Nov. 2001, observation techniques and sensor concepts will be addressed. (Post)-EPS / MetOp, (Coordination EUMETSAT – ESA started in 2000) • Phase A studies for Visible Infrared Imager for MetOp-3, VIRI-M, ITT in preparation. • Potential ESA actions in 2003 – 2004 may include: • Studies on requirements for observation techniques and sensor concepts and technologies • Studies on mission / system architectures

  31. EARTH WATCH Earth Observation Programmes Directorate • The Earth Watch Programme provides for the implementation of Earth • Watch missions beyond phase B • Preparatory phases are covered under the Earth Observation Envelope • Programme • Each Earth Watch element is implemented as an optional component of • the Earth Watch programme • Three elements approved in the Ministerial Council at Edinbourgh in • November 2001: • GMES Service Element • TerraSAR Consolidation • Fuegosat Consolidation

  32. TerraSAR and Fuegosat: Earth Watch elements under consolidation Earth Observation Programmes Directorate InfoTerra / TerraSAR: Mission based on the exploitation of data from satellites carrying L-band and X-band SAR instruments FUEGO The development of a ground segment and operation concept for real time disaster management not limited to fire.

  33. TerraSAR : Objectives Earth Observation Programmes Directorate • InfoTerra / TerraSAR, industrial initiative for the provision of geo-information services in areas of high strategic importance and economic value: • agriculture, forestry, geology, cartography, utility planning and security, risk management, marine services, environment monitoring, • ESA studies addressing also support to GMES and scientific objectives • Initially supported by BNSC and DLR, announced intention to propose for implementation as element of Earth Watch Programme • Initial support activities in 2000 – 2001 • Proposed for implementation as element of Earth Watch programme • CH, D, E, F, FIN, NL, UK approved in Edinburgh the initiation of the TerraSAR Consolidation Objective: Consolidate the technical and programmatic definition of Infoterra / TerraSAR so as to prepare a solid proposal for implementation.

  34. Architecture Earth Observation Programmes Directorate • Infoterra / TerraSAR includes: • TerraSAR Space and Ground System (TSGS): • Satellite with L-band SAR • Satellite with X-band SAR • Ground Segment (operations and processing / archiving level 1) • TerraSAR Exploitation and Service Infrastructure (TESI) • InfoTerra representing the “exploitation entity”

  35. Scope and Plan Earth Observation Programmes Directorate • TerraSAR Consolidation implementation plan agreed with participants 28 June 2002 and presented to PB-EO September 2002 • Three phases, two main action lines and support activities: • Phase 0: Consolidation of objectives, requirements and concepts • Phase 1+2: detailed definition at system and subsystem level • Two main lines, intimately coordinated : • a) TerraSAR Space and Ground System (TSGS), mainly TerraSAR-L and G/S • b) TerraSAR Exploitation and Service Infrastructure (TESI) • Support activities • Campaigns • User requirements, market analysis, implementation studies • Technology development

  36. TerraSARStatus Earth Observation Programmes Directorate • TerraSAR Space and Ground System (TSGS) • Phase 0 study • The RFQ has been sent to the contractor. Proposal expected by the end of November • Phase 1 + 2: TeraSAR Mission and System Consolidation • Procurement proposal approved by IPC (September 2002)preparation. • RFQ in preparation – continuity with phase 0 • TerraSAR Exploitation and Service Infrastructure (TESI) • TerraSAR Utilisation Phase 0 Study • RFQ released Proposal delayed on request of contractor. • Phase 1+2: TerraSAR Exploitation Definition • Procurement proposal approved by IPC (September 2002) • RFQ in preparation – continuity with phase 0

  37. Fuegosat: Background Earth Observation Programmes Directorate • Fuego mission has been studied by a group of space and service companies under the EC 4th and 5th frame work programmes with limited ESA support. • The objective is to support the management of fire risks: • Prior to crisis: areas of surveillance, risk indexes • During crisis: early detection of fires, monitoring of fire line, prediction of fire evolution • After crisis: damage assessment, lessons learnt • Fuegosat: a demonstrator of the Fuego concept • Fuegosat Consolidation subscribed at the Edinburgh ESA Council by D, E, F, I. Major environmental and economic impact Use of space techniques in support of fire risk management has long background, but Assets not optimised

  38. Consolidation Steps Earth Observation Programmes Directorate • Fuegosat Consolidation implementation plan discussed with participants 28 June 2002 and agreed at PB-EO September 2002 • Two steps separated by Fuegosat Concept Review • First step: Requirements and Concept Consolidation,FCR • ` selection of concept and thereby scope of second step • Second step: Detailed Definition • First step, includes 4 strongly coordinated contract actions:

  39. Consolidation Actions Earth Observation Programmes Directorate • Four actions starting: • Fuego / Fuegosat mission / system concept refinement and cost assessment • b) Definition of Crisis Data Management Center • c) Definition of concept for end-to-end demonstration of use of space techniques in support of risk anagement • d) BIRD Exploitation

  40. Summary Earth Observation Programmes Directorate • - The needs of the Earth Science and of the operational user communities require new observations from space • Instrument concepts and technology are under development for the approved ESA missions and for the new candidates. Other sensors are under study and technology development following recommendations of the community and to enable new missions: • Lidars for clouds and aerosols, for wind speed profiles, water vapour concentration • Radars, real and synthetic aperture, for clouds, precipitation, ocean and ice topography, land • Passive optical sensors, multi- super and hyper- spectral sensors, from the UV to the TIR • Passive micro- mm wave radiometers for atmosphere, ocean and land, from few GHz to the TeraHz • Instruments exploting signals of opportunity: GNSS signals in occultation and reflection configuration • Gravity gradiometers • The use of constellations to build virtual sensors, e.g. ACE+, SWARM, • This in the overall context of mission optimisation and project risk reduction

More Related