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Care of the Geriatric Client

Care of the Geriatric Client. Med-Surg 1 Unit 2. Introduction to Geriatric Nursing. Myths and Facts Know those terms!. Process of Aging. Gerontology is the study of the process of aging Theories for aging are: Endocrine changes Genetic pre-programming of cells Dietary imbalances

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Care of the Geriatric Client

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  1. Care of the Geriatric Client Med-Surg 1 Unit 2 Medical Surgical Nursing 1

  2. Introduction to Geriatric Nursing • Myths and Facts • Know those terms! Medical Surgical Nursing 1

  3. Process of Aging • Gerontology is the study of the process of aging • Theories for aging are: • Endocrine changes • Genetic pre-programming of cells • Dietary imbalances • Wear and tear • Failure to follow health measures that can decrease or eliminate some of the aging changes

  4. Common Physical Changes • Skin • Skeletal System • Muscular System • Nerve Tissue • Senses • Teeth • Cardiovascular System Medical Surgical Nursing 1

  5. Common Physical Changes • Respiratory System • Gastrointestinal System • Endocrine System • Reproductive System Medical Surgical Nursing 1

  6. Psychosocial Development • Erikson’s theory • Integrity vs. Despair • Set in their ways • Many psychosocial adjustments Medical Surgical Nursing 1

  7. Cognitive Development • Decreases in vision and hearing • Memory • Intellectual Functioning Medical Surgical Nursing 1

  8. Health Promotion Measures • Need for rest • Exercise and activity • Basic hygiene • Potential for respiratory disease • Immunization • Annual check-up Medical Surgical Nursing 1

  9. Resources Available • Provide them with useful information • Let’s practice finding resources… Medical Surgical Nursing 1

  10. Effects of Aging on Eating Pattern • Loss of teeth • Digestive changes • Decline of taste • Context of eating • Lack of social contact • Gavage feeding, gastrostomy, TPN Medical Surgical Nursing 1

  11. Accident Risk • Bone fragility • Muscle weakening • Poor vision and hearing Medical Surgical Nursing 1

  12. Safety for the Older Adult • Risks • Falls • Burns • Electrical • Mobility • Precautions • Aids to Mobility • In hospital care Medical Surgical Nursing 1

  13. Legal and Ethical Aspects • The older adult has the same rights as any other adult • They are the target of many criminal acts • Neglect • Treating person as a child • Communication Medical Surgical Nursing 1

  14. Effect of Hospitalization • Fear • Confusion • Anger • Depression • Withdrawal Medical Surgical Nursing 1

  15. Effects of Long Term Care • Psychological Effects • Physical Effects Medical Surgical Nursing 1

  16. Roles and Relationships • Focus is on change • Personal Role • Social Role Medical Surgical Nursing 1

  17. Developmental Tasks of Older Adulthood • Adjust to decreasing physical condition • Adjust to retirement and fixed income • Adjust to death of spouse/companion • Establish new social relationships • Establish appropriate living arrangements Medical Surgical Nursing 1

  18. Developmental Tasks (cont.) • Make arrangements for care, if needed • Accept one’s mortality • Find satisfaction in one’s family • Accept oneself as an aging person Medical Surgical Nursing 1

  19. Ego Integrity vs. Despair • What you can do • Encourage verbalization of feelings • Encourage reminiscence • Acknowledge loss and reality of grief • Encourage participation in activities • Encourage self care Medical Surgical Nursing 1

  20. Differing Mental States • Confusion • Delirium • Dementia Medical Surgical Nursing 1

  21. Alzheimer’s Disease • Theories for Causes • Genetic, Viral, Toxic, Immunologic • Trauma, Biochemical,Nutritional • Physiological Changes • Neurofibrillary tangles • Senile plaques • Granulovacuolar degeneration Medical Surgical Nursing 1

  22. Stages of Alzheimer’s • Early Stage (forgetfulness) • Advanced Stage (confusion) • Later or Severe Stage (disorientation) • Final or Terminal Stage (dependency) Medical Surgical Nursing 1

  23. Alzheimer’s Medications • Namenda (memantine) • Aricept (donepezil HCl) Medical Surgical Nursing 1

  24. Considerations for Medication Administration • Decreased sense of thirst and dry mucousal membranes • Decreased total body fluid volume • Decreased muscle tissue • Increased percentage of fatty tissue • Decreased general circulation • Decreased systemic circulation Medical Surgical Nursing 1

  25. Medication Administration (cont.) • Fewer functioning kidney nephrons • Decreased stomach acids • Confusion or forgetfulness Finished with unit! Medical Surgical Nursing 1

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