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Watererosion Ahmed MahmoudElsayed Dr.Mohsen game
Search elements • Definition of Water Erosion . • Types of Water Erosion . • Damage of Water Erosion. • Factors affecting Water erosion. • main ways to reduce water erosion.
Definition of Water Erosion • Rain and streams ability to affect on the soil form.
Types of Water Erosion 1- splash: • loosening & splattering of small soil particles Caused by raindrops impacting a wet soil surface.
2-Sheet: • removal of thin layer of soil over an entire soil surface caused by water flowing across soil surface.
3-rill: occurs during/after rain or when snow melts & involves concentration of flowing water into small channels (<0.3 m) that are more turbulent & have greater scouring action than sheet flow.
4-gully: • in areas steeper slopes, flow of water from rills concentrated forming deep channels.
5- streambank: removal of soil from banks of running streams.
6-coastal/shoreline: • erosion of ocean, lake, reservoir shores by action of waves resulting from wind, tides, currents, and storm events.
Damage of Water Erosion 1-Soil Structure damage: • Erosion the surface • Dismantling • Movement the crumbs to the bottom Closed pores that contain air.
2-Productivity loss: Water erosionaffect on the soil surface that contain mineral elements needed for plant growth.
4-Sediment Pollution: • the loose sand, clay, silt and other soil particles that settle at the bottom of a body of water. • Murky water prevents natural vegetation from growing in water. • Nutrients transported by sediment can activate blue-green algae that release toxins.
Moving sediments in the bottom of the streams. (Depending on the strength of the current water)
Factors affecting Water erosion 1-soil resistance (Silt and sand most affected bywater erosion) 2- slopes (gradient-length) 3- Vegetation (above ground - below ground)
main ways to reduce water erosion 1-Mulch: Organic matter • improves aggregate stability, water holding capacity,fertility& plant growth, microbial activity
3-Cultivate areas of high rainfall: • aboveground: stems, leaves absorb energy of falling raindrops, protect soil. • belowground: roots, contribute to mechanical strength of soil.
