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Semantic Interpretation in Communication: Logic, Disambiguation, and Discourse Understanding

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This chapter discusses the semantic interpretation of communication using first-order logic as a foundational representation language. It explores compositional semantics and their application across various contexts, including arithmetic and English language structures. The chapter emphasizes the nuances of ambiguity and disambiguation, addressing lexical and syntactic challenges through examples. Furthermore, it delves into discourse understanding, reference resolution, and coherence relations to highlight the complex interplay between syntax, semantics, and pragmatics in effective communication.

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Semantic Interpretation in Communication: Logic, Disambiguation, and Discourse Understanding

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  1. Chapter 22 - Communication April 8, 2004

  2. 22.5 – Semantic Interpretation • Uses First Order Logic as the representation language • Compositional Semantics • Instead of NP  Digit Digit • NP([x, y])  Digit(x) Digit(y), x and y are associated semantics • another application of DCG; definite clause grammar

  3. Examples • Applied to arithmetic • Figure 22.14 • Figure 22.15 • Applied to English • Figure 22.16 • Figure 22.17

  4. Augmentations • Time and tense • use event calculus • for example, Verb( λx λy e Î Loves(x,y) ^ After(Now, e)  loved • Quasi-Logical Form [a a Î Agents] • Somewhere between syntax and semantics • Can represent different possibilities succinctly • Figure 22.18 • Pragmatics can resolve indexicals. “We are in CS 536 today”.

  5. 22.6 – Ambiguity and Disambiguation • “Portable toilet bombed; police have nothing to go on” • Lexical, e.g. “class” • Syntactic, e.g. “The man gave the gift with a smile”. “The man saw the boy with the smile”. • Semantic

  6. Metonymy. One object stands for another. For example, “MSU said”. •  m, x, e [x = MSU ^ e Î Announce(m) ^ After(Now, e) ^ Metonymy(m) ] • Metaphor. Indirect comparison. For example, the notion that more is up.

  7. Disambiguation • argmax intent Likelihood ( intent | words, situation) • Knowledge Sources • World Model • Mental Model • Language Model • Acoustic Model

  8. 22.7 – Discourse Understanding • Reference resolution. Relies on syntax, semantics and pragmatics. For example, “he”. • Structure of coherent discourse. • Figure 22.21. Coherence Relations.

  9. 22.8 – Grammar Induction • SEQUITUR (1997) • No pair of adjacent symbols should appear more than once in the grammar • Every rule should be used at least twice • Figure 22.22

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