1 / 92

Scientific Skills

Scientific Skills. The Metric System. The Metric System. 1000 m = __________ km 5 503 mL = __________ L 950 g = __________ kg 650 mA = __________ A 25 cm = __________ m. Scientific Method. Question Hypothesis Materials & Procedure Results Discussion Conclusion.

aiden
Télécharger la présentation

Scientific Skills

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Scientific Skills

  2. The Metric System

  3. The Metric System 1000 m = __________ km 5 503 mL = __________ L 950 g = __________ kg 650 mA = __________ A 25 cm = __________ m

  4. Scientific Method • Question • Hypothesis • Materials & Procedure • Results • Discussion • Conclusion

  5. Scientific Method • Independent variable • What is being tested? • Dependent variable • What is the observable change? • Control Variable • A variable used to compare results with

  6. Scientific Method: Example • Question: How can one make a planet grow quickly? • Independent variable: Amount of Sunlight • Dependent variable: Plant Growth • Control variable: Plant grown in a natural day/night cycle (grown outside) • Hypothesis: • If the amount of the sunlight is increased, then the plant will grow faster.

  7. Chemistry

  8. Physical Property versus Chemical Property • Physical Property: • A feature of a substance that may be observed or detected without creating a new substance • State (gas, liquid, solid) • Luster • Colour • Boiling / Melting point • Density (mass / volume; g/mL) • Hardness • Chemical Property: • A feature of a substance that may ONLY be observed or detected by creating a new substance • Reacts with acid • Combustible

  9. Characteristic Physical Properties • Characteristic physical properties may be used to identify a substance • Boiling point • Melting point • Density • Properties that may NOT be used to identify a substance • State • Colour • Mass • Volume • Malleability • Ductility

  10. Chatacteristic Physical Properties

  11. Physical Change versus Chemical Change • Physical Change: A change that may be reversed and does NOT result in a new substance • Chemical Change: A change that is not easily reversed and results in a new substance • Clues to a chemical change • Formation of a precipitate • Colour Change • Energy change (cools, heats, gives off light or sound) • Odour Change • Production of gas (bubbles)

  12. Metals, Metalloids, and Non-metals • Metals are • Shiny (lustrous) • able to conduct thermal and electrical energy • are found on the left side of the periodic table • Ductile and malleable • Non-metals • Dull • DO NOT conduct thermal and electrical energy • are found on the right side of the periodic table • Metalloids • Possess properties of metals and non-metals • Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, Tellurium

  13. Subatomic Particles

  14. Bohr-Rutherford Diagram • Electron Orbit Filling Rule: 2, 8, 8, 16

  15. Lewis Dot Diagram

  16. Transferring electrons to build molecules Beryllium and Oxygen Lithium and Fluorine Calcium and Sulfur

  17. Families on the Periodic Table Noble Gases

  18. Counting Atoms • Coefficients and subscripts 4 H2SO4 • This formula contains 3 different elements • Hydrogen = 8 • Sulfur = 4 • Oxygen = 16 • There are 28 atoms in total

  19. Counting Atoms and Naming TOTALS NAME • 2 MgCl2 6 Magnesium Chloride • KCl 2 Potassium Chloride • 3 Li2O 9 Lithium Oxide • 4 Na3N 16 Sodium Nitride • 2 CaS 4 Calcium Sulfide

  20. Text Sections • Scientific Skills • Sections 1.1 and 1.2 • Chemistry • Sections 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.7 • Self quiz pp. 202-203 Q: 1-24 • Sections 6.1, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, • Self Quiz pp. 238-239 Q: 1-23 • Sections 7.2, 7.8 • Self Quiz pp. 270-271 Q: 1-5, 8-15, 18, 21 • Chemistry Unit Self Quiz pp. 278-279 Q: 1-26

  21. Ecology

  22. Terminology • Biotic: • Living things, or derived from living things • Examples: apples, trees, humans, fossil fuels, etc • Abiotic • Non-living things • Wind, temperature, water, rock, etc • Habitat • Where an organism lives • Ecosystem • All the biotic and abiotic factors in an area

  23. Earth’s Spheres • Lithosphere • Biosphere • Hydrosphere • Atmosphere

  24. Canadian Biomes TUNDRA BOREAL FOREST MOUNTAIN FOREST GRASSLANDS TEMPERATURE DECIDUOUS

  25. Canadian Biomes • A collection of similar ecosystems • Tundra: Subsoil is frozen (permafrost) and biodiversity is low

  26. Canadian Biomes • Boreal Forest: Covers 50% of Canada. Long, cold winters and short summers • The soil is generally poor in nutrients and is slightly acidic

  27. Canadian Biomes • Temperature Deciduous • South of Boreal Forest • Eastern and central Canada • Long growing season • 4 well-defined seasons

  28. Canadian Biomes • Grasslands • Variable precipitation that can only support grasses and few trees

  29. Canadian Biomes • Mountain Forest • Fast flowing rivers • Windy conditions • Cool summers • Variable temperature depending on elevation

  30. Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration: Glucose + Water + Oxygen Gas → Energy + Water + Carbon Dioxide Photosynthesis: Sunlight + Water + Carbon Dioxide → Glucose+ Water + Oxygen Gas These reactions are COMPLEMENTARY because the products of one reaction are the reactants in the other.

  31. Food Chains and Food Webs • A food chain is a sequential relationship that starts with a producer and ends with a TOP consumer • A food web represents many food chains connected together

  32. Food Chains and Food Webs • Food Chain: • Berries -> Rabbit -> Fox • Berries -> Squirrel -> Fox • Berries -> Cricket -> Frog -> Snake -> Owl

  33. Trophic Levels and Energy Transfer • 10% Rule • As one moves up a food chain, only 10% of the energy is passed along to the next level. 90% of energy is lost through heat and other processes

  34. 1 joule of energy 10 joules of energy 100 joules of energy 1000 joules of energy 10 000 joules of energy 100 000 joules of energy

  35. Bioaccumulation (Fat soluble pesticides) • Pesticides that dissolve in water return to the environment after the infected organism dies. • Pesticides that dissolve in fat cells stay in the body of the infected organism until another organism eats it. This passes the pesticide from one organism to another, and to another

  36. Bioaccumulation (Fat soluble pesticides) • The algae dies off because it has a low body mass. It is easily affected by small amounts of pesticide. • The polar bear will experience sickness or death because the CONCENTRATION of pesticide is stronger/higher.

  37. Organism Relationships • Commensalism: One organism benefits and the other organism is not affected • Mutualism: Both organisms benefit • Parasitism: One organism benefits and the other organism experiences a negative consequence. • Saprophytism: Feeding on dead organisms. A organism that feeds on dead organisms is called a saprophyte. • Predation: One organism hunts anther organism for food. The hunter is called the predator and the victim is called the prey.

More Related