Slip: A watered down clay, used to help bond clay together and for decorative purposes.

1. #1 • Ceramics: -pottery or hollow clay sculpture fired at high temperatures in a kiln or oven to make them harder and stronger.

2. #2 • Wedging: A method of kneading clay to expel air that is trapped inside and to develop a uniform texture.

3. #3 • Score: The process of making small criss-cross line on areas of clay to join two pieces of clay together.

4. #4 • Slip: A watered down clay, used to help bond clay together and for decorative purposes.

5. #5 • Plastic: refers to the pliability of the clay. Plastic clay is easy to shape and mold into any desired form.

6. #6 • Leatherhard: A stage between plastic and bone dry. The clay is dry enough to work with but still wet enough to score and slip together.

7. #7 • Why is it important to score and slip two pieces of clay together? • Answer: To prevent the clay from falling apart in the first kiln firing. • If the pot is only held together with the moisture in the clay, it will fall apart after it is put in the kiln and all of the moisture is cooked out.

8. #8 • Bone Dry: Clay that is completely dry, but can be soaked in water and turned back into new clay.

9. #9 • Greenware: All ceramicware prior to firing; plastic, leatherhard and bone dry.

10. #10 • Bisque: the first firing of clay that is completely air dried and has no glaze on the pottery. Fired in a kiln to a setting of Cone 04: 1945⁰. Clay cannot be recycled

11. #11 • Glazeware: A ceramic form that has been bisque fired, glazed and then glaze fired.

12. #12 • Clay: a decomposed granite-type rock. To be classed as a clay the decomposed rock must have fine particles so that it will be plastic.

13. #13 • Stoneware: A buff, gray or brown clay which is mixed with other clays and ceramic material to make a heavy, opaque, highly plastic clay body that is fired to a high temperature.

14. #14 • What stage of clay can be soaked in water and turned back into new clay? • Bone dry clay can be soaked into water and turned back into new clay

15. #15 • Earthenware: A clay that is fired at a low temperature and is most commonly known as being red, buff or brown in color because of the presence of iron oxide. 1400-2000°

16. #16 • Porcelain: A hard, white, translucent,ceramicbody, also known as china, invented in China between 600 and 900 CE. This clay is primarily made of kaolin, a fine white clay. Porcelain is regarded as the most refined of all ceramic wares.

17. #17 • Kiln furniture: Post shelves and stilts are used to make full use of a kiln's capacity

18. #18 • Kiln wash: -a watery mix of clay, silica, and alumina used to coat kiln shelves, protects shelves from glaze runs.

19. #19 • Kiln: Enclosed containers in which pots are fired in. They come in various sizes and are built of refractory brinks and heated by electricity, gas or wood to temperatures from 1500-2300⁰. We use an electric, top loading kiln and a gas front loading kiln. Gas Kiln Electric Kiln

20. #20 • ClayShrinkage: clay shrinks when its water particles evaporate and the particles draw closer together. It shrinks again during firing (vitrification) since components in the clay, melt, tightening the structure (12-15%)

21. #21 • List the five stages of clay in order. • Answer: Plastic -> Leatherhard -> Bone Dry -> Bisqueware -> Glazeware

22. #22 • Cone: a tall slender 3-sided pyramid made of clay, which bend and melt at a given temperature in the kiln.

23. #23 • Pyrometer- A tool used to measure the temperature in a kiln. Similar to a thermometer but it measures temperatures in the kiln from 100-2500⁰.

24. #24 • Glaze: a liquid suspension of ceramic materials that is applied to bisqueware and forms a glassy surface when fired to its melting point. The three main components of a glaze are: Silica, Flux and Stabilizer.

25. #25 • Dipping Tongs: A tool that is used to hold bisqueware while dipping the pottery in glaze. (They help to apply an even coat of glaze)

26. #26 • Transparent: Allows the color of the clay to clearly be seen underneath the coat of glaze. • Clear, Cranberry and Blue-green

27. #27 • Opaque: not allowing the color of the clay to show underneath the coat of glaze. • Tomato Red, Yellow Salt, Woo Blue, Gloss White and Persimmon

28. #28 • Name three different types of clay. • Earthenware, Stoneware and Porcelain

29. #29 • IronOxide: one of the main oxides used for coloring in ceramics. All of the glazes that are red in the bucket have iron oxide in them

30. #30 • Elements of Design: line, shape, form, space, color, value and texture.

31. #31 • Line is a mark with greater length than width. Lines can be horizontal, vertical or diagonal, straight or curved, thick or thin.

32. #32 • Shape is a closed line. Shapes can be geometric, like squares and circles; or organic, like free formed shapes or natural shapes. Shapes are flat and express length and width.

33. #34 • Forms are three-dimensional shapes, expressing length, width, and depth. Spheres, cylinders, boxes and pyramids are forms.

34. #33 • Color is light reflected off objects. Color has three main characteristics: hue or its name (red, green, blue, etc.), value (how light or dark it is), and intensity (how bright or dull it is). 

35. #35 • Name two tools that can be used to measure the temperature in a kiln? • Pyrometer and Cones

36. #36 •   Texture is the surface quality that can be seen and felt. Textures can be rough or smooth, soft or hard.

37. #37 • Value - is the degree of light and dark in a design. It is the contrast between black and white and all the tones in between. Value can be used with color as well as black and white. Contrast is the extreme changes between values.

38. #38 • Space is the area between and around objects. The space around objects is often called negative space; negative space has shape.

39. #39 • Principles of Design: balance, emphasis, movement, pattern, rhythm, contrast and unity.  

40. #40 • Pattern is the repeating of an object or symbol on a piece of artwork.

41. #41 • Movement is the path the viewer’s eye takes through the artwork, often to focal areas. Such movement can be directed along lines edges, shape and color within the artwork.

42. #42 • Draw and example of pattern.

43. #43 • Unity is the feeling of harmony between all parts of the artwork creating a sense of completeness. 

44. #44 • Emphasis is the part of the design that catches the viewer’s attention. The artist will make one area stand out by contrasting it with other areas. The area will be different in size, color, texture, shape, etc. 

45. #45 • Contrast - offers some change in value. Contrast shows the difference between shapes and can be used as a background to bring objects out and forward in a design. It can also be used to create an area of emphasis.

46. #46 • Rhythm is created when one or more elements of design are used repeatedly to create a feeling of organized movement. Variety is essential to keep rhythm exciting and active, and moving the viewer around the artwork. Rhythm creates a mood like music or dancing.

47. #47 • Balance is the distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space. If the design was a scale these elements should be balanced to make a design feel stable. • 1. Symmetrical 2. Asymmetrical 3. Radial

48. #48 • Radial Balance: the elements are arranged around a central point.

49. #49 • Name three types of balance • Radial, Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Balance

50. #50 • Symmetrical Balance: the elements on one side of the design are the same as those on the other side.