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Early African Kingdoms

Chapter 8. Early African Kingdoms. Geography of Africa. Kingdom of Axum [300-700]. Stele, Ezana’s Royal Tomb, Aksum (4c). AXUM’S ACHIEVEMENTS. Built Stelae. Controlled NE African Trade. Written Language. Terrace Farming. Spread Christianity in No. & E. Africa. Gold-Salt Trade.

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Early African Kingdoms

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  1. Chapter 8 Early African Kingdoms

  2. Geography of Africa

  3. Kingdom of Axum [300-700]

  4. Stele, Ezana’s Royal Tomb,Aksum (4c)

  5. AXUM’SACHIEVEMENTS Built Stelae Controlled NE African Trade Written Language Terrace Farming Spread Christianity in No. & E. Africa

  6. Gold-Salt Trade Berbers SALT GOLD

  7. Timbuktu-”Heavenly Clay”

  8. Timbuktu • Major trading hub • Gold, slaves, and salt • Center of Islamic learning ~13th century • 150 Islamic schools • Cosmopolitan community • Religious and ethnic toleration common

  9. Ancient Ghana • First known kingdom in the western Sudan • Founded between fourth and eight centuries CE • Warfare and iron weapons created an empire • Commerce • Camel caravans • Imported silk, cotton, glass beads, horses, mirrors, dates, and salt • Exported pepper, slaves, and gold mined in another region and taxed passing through

  10. Empire of Mali, 1230-1468 Sundiata [1210-1260] • Larger than Ghana • Greater rainfall • More crops “Lion Prince”

  11. Mansa Musa [r. 1312-1337]

  12. European Map

  13. Empire of Songhai, 1461-1591 • The last and largest of the Sudanese empires • Sunni Ali • Reigned 1464-1492 • Conquered people paid tribute • Generally ran their own affairs

  14. Benin Empire [15c-19c]

  15. Benin • Small powerful kingdoms • Benin • Little influenced by Islam or Christianity • Trading center • Gold, peppers, ivory, and slaves • By 17th century dependent on slave trade

  16. Bantu Migrations: 1000 BCE To 500 CE

  17. Swahili States Built around trade with India and East Asia Travels of Ibn Battuta

  18. African Trade Routes

  19. Arab Dow off the coast of Zanzibar

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