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Implementation of Urban Planning: Zoning and Subdivision Regulations

Module 2: Spatial Analysis and Urban Land Planning . Implementation of Urban Planning: Zoning and Subdivision Regulations. Stuart Meck, FAICP Senior Research Fellow American Planning Association. Legal Authority for Zoning in the U.S. The Standard State Zoning Enabling Act

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Implementation of Urban Planning: Zoning and Subdivision Regulations

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  1. Module 2: Spatial Analysis and Urban Land Planning Implementation of Urban Planning: Zoning and Subdivision Regulations Stuart Meck, FAICP Senior Research Fellow American Planning Association

  2. Legal Authority for Zoning in the U.S. • The Standard State Zoning Enabling Act • The Standard City Planning Enabling Act • State enabling legislation • Other authority—Municipal charters

  3. Problems with Early Zoning Legislation • Urban and local orientation • Static view of municipal development • A process orientation • Optional plan-making

  4. The Zoning Ordinance: Zoning Map

  5. The Zoning Ordinance • District Regulations • Yards • Height • Bulk or Floor Area Ratio • Maximum lot coverage • Maximum impervious surface ratio

  6. Floor Area Ratios

  7. Other Regulations • Accessory structures and uses • Landscaping • Off-street parking and loading • Home occupations • Conditional uses • Signs

  8. Off-street Parking Standards

  9. Nonconforming Uses • Definition • Nuisance • Lawfully established • Vesting • Amortization

  10. Enforcement • Zoning and Building Permits • Completeness Reviews • Enforcement Procedures • Administrative—Stop work • Criminal • Injunctions

  11. Board of Zoning Appeals • Structure and organization • Powers • Variances • Conditional Uses • Appeals of interpretations, permit refusals • Alternative: Hearing examiner

  12. Zoning Map and Text Amendments • Purposes • Piecemeal amendments • Comprehensive amendments • Map amendment • Consistency with comprehensive plan • Density and intensity, compatibility • Interpretation of plan text • Proposed public improvements

  13. Subdivision Regulation • Purposes • Legal authority • Contents • Submission requirements • Design standards • Engineering Standards • Erosion and sedimentation control

  14. Subdivision Regulation

  15. Subdivision Review Procedure • Preapplication conference • Preliminary plat review • Final plat review • Public improvement guarantees • Time limits • Exactions & fees in lieu • Parks & school sites • Storm drainage

  16. Planned Unit Development

  17. Urban Growth Boundary

  18. Transfer of Development Rights

  19. Density Bonus

  20. Other Techniques • Adequate public facility ordinances • Impact fees • Exclusive farmland districts • Traditional neighborhood development zones • Overlay districts • Critical and sensitive areas • Floodplain zoning

  21. Current Problems in Land-use Controls • Exclusionary zoning • Takings • Bureaucracy • Timeliness of reviews • Coordination among governmental units • Gold-plating of development standards • Lack of clear authority for certain techniques

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