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Inland Terminals, Logistic Clusters and Global Commodity Chains: Looking Into the Eye of the Storm

Inland Terminals, Logistic Clusters and Global Commodity Chains: Looking Into the Eye of the Storm. Jean-Paul Rodrigue Associate Professor, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University, New York, USA

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Inland Terminals, Logistic Clusters and Global Commodity Chains: Looking Into the Eye of the Storm

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  1. Inland Terminals, Logistic Clusters and Global Commodity Chains: Looking Into the Eye of the Storm Jean-Paul Rodrigue Associate Professor, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University, New York, USA Van Horne Researcher in Transportation and Logistics, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada

  2. Inland Terminals: The Eye of the Storm    

  3. Global Containerized Trade: Prepare to be Disappointed  Potential Divergence: The First Crisis of Globalization Container yard, Port of Yantian, China

  4. Impact of Recessions on Consumption and Freight Rates C Significant Consumption D B A – Basic Goods B – Discretionary Goods C – Durable Goods D – Capital Equipment E – Luxury Goods Severity Decline E A None Low High Value of Goods 1 Trade and Freight Rates Significant 2 3 1 – Futures Indexes 2 – Income and Spending 3 – Container Volumes 4 – Value of Trade Decline 4 None Sequence

  5. Futures Indexes: The Current Trend is Strongly Deflationary…

  6. Annual Light Vehicle Sales, United States, January 2008 – January 2009 (millions) -36.8% -42.3% -22.9%

  7. Port of Los Angeles (Monthly TEUs), 1995-2008: Peaking … and About to Fall Off a Cliff?

  8. World Container Traffic, 1980-2008. Reaching Peak Growth? Adoption Acceleration Peak Growth Maturity 2010(?) - 2002-2010(?) Divergence 1992-2002 1966-1992

  9. Global Bulk and Container Fleet Partially Immobilized (Singapore, January 2009)

  10. Cars Accumulating at the Long Beach Port Terminal, December 2008

  11. Trade Imbalances: Coping with Distortions  Transport Flows Transport Rates Inland Terminals and Repositioning NS Rutherford Inland Terminal, Pennsylvania

  12. Containerized Cargo Flows along Major Trade Routes, 1995-2007 (in millions of TEUs)

  13. Containerized Cargo Flows along Major Trade Routes, 2007 Million TEUs Growth (2000-2007) 15.4 (+175%) 14.9 4.9 (+48%) Asia 19.9 33.1 USA 10.0 (+178%) 7.6 17.7 (+293%) Imports (M TEUs) 4.5 (+55%) 20.4 Europe 14.5 2.7 (+23%) Exports (M TEUs)

  14. Maritime Freight Rates (Nominal USD per TEU), 1993-2008

  15. Geographical Levels of Empty Container Repositioning Hinterland Global Repositioning Inter-Regional Repositioning (inland) Inter-Regional Repositioning (coastal / fluvial) Regional Repositioning Foreland Port Depot / Inland terminal Freight Distribution Cluster Cargo Rotation

  16. Main North American Trade Corridors and Metropolitan Freight Centers • Efficient repositioning • Cargo rotation • Export market

  17. Bulk and Containerized Commodity Chains Bulk Commodity Chain Supplier Customer Port Point-to-Point Consolidationcenter Complementarity Container port Pendulum Services Inland Terminal Containerized Commodity Chain

  18. Several Established Containerized Commodity Chains in Western Canada

  19. Terminalization and Inland Terminals  Economies of Scale: A Hard Pill to Swallow Terminalization and Supply Chains Extended Distribution Centers Trimodal Container Terminal, Willebroek, Belgium

  20. Type and Function of Inland Terminals Load center Corridor Transmodalterminal Satelliteterminal

  21. The Largest Available Containership, 1970-2007 (in TEUs)

  22. Hinterland Logistics: The Realm of the “Last Mile” (or the “First Mile”) Massification Atomization Frequency Capacity REGIONAL LOCAL HINTERLAND GLOBAL Shipping Network Segment Corridor Customer “Last Mile” Inland Terminal Distribution Center Gateway

  23. Massification of Inland Terminals: Automated Transfer Management Systems

  24. Supply Chain Terminalization: Import Flows to the Hinterland Foreland (First Mile) Suppliers Bottleneck Gateway Buffer Distribution center (outbound / inbound) Inland containerized goods flow Inland non-containerized goods flow Offshore Hub Maritime container flow Gateway Port regionalization and the creation of a Regional Load Center Network Inland Terminal Extended Gate (Inland terminals) Extended Distribution Center (Terminal as A warehousing unit) Customers Hinterland (Last Mile)

  25. Container Transloading: Could it Move Inland?

  26. Governance and Inland Terminals  Terminal Operators and Value Capture Regional Integration as Logistics Clusters Uiwang Inland Container Depot, South Korea

  27. Port Terminal Operations Inland Modes and Terminals Distribution Centers Commodity Chain The Value Capture Process along Commodity Chains Horizontal Integration Maritime Services Port Authority Port Holding Inland Port Offshore hub Port Services Port Inland Services Vertical Integration Maritime Shipping

  28. Inland Terminals: Operations and Added Value

  29. Functional Integration of Freight Clusters Scope Logistic Pole FTZ Logistic Cluster Logistic Zone Distribution center Terminal / Depot Port Scale

  30. Free Trade Zones: Setting The Rules

  31. Free Trade Zones: “Bending the Rules”

  32. Inland Terminals: The Calm after the Storm (lessons to be learned)  Rebalancing of the global economy Repositioning strategies Terminalization (intermodal integration) Logistics cluster (regional integration)   

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