Output Devices in Computers

1. Output By: Vanessa Snyder

2. Definition: Data that has been processed in the form of information Types: Text Characters that makeup words and sentences Graphical Image Digital representation of information that is not text Audio Enhance understanding through sound Video Full-motion images What is Output? * Information was gathered from Discovering Computers 2003 by Shelly Cashman Vermaat

3. Definition: Output device that conveys graphics, text and video information Soft Copy is information that is displayed on a display device Basic Parts: Screen Definition: Projection surface Monitor Definition: Plastic or metal case that houses the screen Display Devices: * Information was gathered from Discovering Computers 2003 by Shelly Cashman Vermaat

4. Display Devices Continued… • Monochrome: • Definition: • Information is displayed on one color and on a different colored background • Gray Scaling: • Definition: • Information is displayed using many shades of gray from white all the way to black. • This provides better contrast * Information was gathered from Discovering Computers 2003 by Shelly Cashman Vermaat

5. Types of Monitors: • CRT Monitors • LCD Monitors • Gas Plasma Monitors * Information was gathered from Discovering Computers 2003 by Shelly Cashman Vermaat

6. Definition: A monitor that contains a cathode ray tube Cathode ray tube (thus, CRT) is a large, sealed, glass tube Every dot on the screen consists of phosphor material There is a red, a green and a blue phosphor Basic Terminology: Viewable Size: Diagonal measurement of the actual viewing area that is provided by the monitor Pixel: Short for picture element Single point in an electronic image CRT Monitors: * Information was gathered from Discovering Computers 2003 by Shelly Cashman Vermaat

7. LCD Monitors: • Liquid Crystal Display (thus LCD) contains liquid crystals instead of a cathode ray tube. • Flat-Panel Display has a lightweight, compact screen • Consumes one-third the power of a CRT * Information was gathered from Discovering Computers 2003 by Shelly Cashman Vermaat

8. LCD Displays: • Web-enabled device: • Provides access to the web and/or e-mail • Electronic book (e-book): • Compact computer that allows you to “mark” text • ClearType • Technology developed to make on-screen reading as natural feeling as possible * Information was gathered from Discovering Computers 2003 by Shelly Cashman Vermaat

9. LCD Displays Continued… • Use: • Active-matrix display, a.k.a. thin-film transistor display (TFT), which can use a separate transistor for each color pixel. • Organic TFT, a.k.a. organic LED (OLED), uses organic molecules to produce a brighter display • This is the most powerful because many transistors are used • Passive-matrix display, a.k.a. dual-scan display, requires less power and uses fewer transistors • High-performance addressing (HPA) provides a less expensive alternative. * Information was gathered from Discovering Computers 2003 by Shelly Cashman Vermaat

10. Gas Plasma Monitors: • Definition: • Flat-panel display that uses gas plasma technology • Offers larger screen sizes and higher display quality * Information was gathered from Discovering Computers 2003 by Shelly Cashman Vermaat

11. Quality of CRT depends on: Resolution Dot pitch A.k.a. pixel pitch; the distance between each pixel on the display Refresh rate A.k.a. vertical frequency/scan rate; speed that the monitor redraws the images on the screen Measured in hertz (number of times per second that the screen is redrawn) Quality of LCD depends on: Resolution Sharpness and clearness of an image Super Video Graphics Array (SVGA) supports resolutions and colors Quality of Display Devices: * Information was gathered from Discovering Computers 2003 by Shelly Cashman Vermaat

12. Monitor Ergonomics: • Goal: • To incorporate comfort, efficiency and safety • Electrostatic radiation (EMR) • Magnetic field that travels at the speed of light • Complies with MPR II standards • LCD monitors do not emit any kind of electromagnetic radiation—only CRT monitors do • ENERGY STAR program: • Program that encourages manufacturers to create energy-efficient devices * Information was gathered from Discovering Computers 2003 by Shelly Cashman Vermaat

13. Printers: • Definition: • Output device that produces text and other graphics on a medium which is known as a hard copy or a printout • Orientations: • Portrait • Landscape * Information was gathered from Discovering Computers 2003 by Shelly Cashman Vermaat

14. Printers Continued… • Types: • Impact Printers • Nonimpact Printers • Photo Printers • Label and Postage Printers • Portable Printers • Plotters and Large-Format Printers * Information was gathered from Discovering Computers 2003 by Shelly Cashman Vermaat

15. Printers Continued… • Impact Printers: • Strikes a mechanism against an ink ribbon • Different qualities of print: • Letter Quality • Near Letter Quality • Dot-Matrix Printers • Tiny pins on a print head mechanism strike an inked ribbon • Use continuous-form paper in which each sheet of paper is connected • Line Printers • High-speed impact printer that prints an entire line at a time • Shuttle-matrix printer moves a series of print hammers back and forth horizontally at high speeds * Information was gathered from Discovering Computers 2003 by Shelly Cashman Vermaat

16. Nonimpact Printers: Forms characters and graphics without actually striking the paper Types: Ink-Jet Printers: Forms characters by spraying tiny drops of ink Laser Printers: High-quality nonimpact printer that uses individual sheets of paper stored in a removable tray that slides into the printer case Page Description Language (PDL) tells the printer how to lay out the material * PCL (Printer Control Language) supports standard fonts and layouts * PostScript is designed for complex documents Thermal Printers: Generates images by pushing electronically heated pins against heat-sensitive paper Thermal wax-transfer printer, a.k.a. thermal transfer printer, uses heat to melt colored wax on heat-sensitive paper Dye-sublimation printer, a.k.a. thermal dye transfer printer, uses heat to transfer color dye to specially coated paper. Printers Continued… * Information was gathered from Discovering Computers 2003 by Shelly Cashman Vermaat

17. Printers Continued… • Photo Printer • Color printer that can produce graphical images on mediums • Label and Postage Printer: • Small printer that contains an adhesive material * Information was gathered from Discovering Computers 2003 by Shelly Cashman Vermaat

18. Printers Continued… • Portable Printers • Small, lightweight printer that allows mobile users to print from a handheld or notebook while traveling • Plotters and Large-Format Printers • Sophisticated printers that produce high quality drawings • Large-format printer creates realistic quality prints * Information was gathered from Discovering Computers 2003 by Shelly Cashman Vermaat

19. Speakers and Headsets: • Audio Output Devices that produce sound • Two common uses are: • Speakers: • Generate sound • Woofer, a.k.a. subwoofer, boosts low sounds • Headsets: • Allows the individual to hear the generated sound * Information was gathered from Discovering Computers 2003 by Shelly Cashman Vermaat

20. Other Output Devices: • Data Projectors: • Device that takes the image from a computer screen and projects it to a larger screen • LCD Projectors use liquid crystal technology and uses a light source to display the information on a computer screen • Digital light processing (DLP) Projector use tiny mirrors to reflect light * Information was gathered from Discovering Computers 2003 by Shelly Cashman Vermaat

21. Other Output Devices Continued… • Facsimile (fax) machine: • A device that transmits and receives documents over telephone lines • Fax modem is a modem that also allows an individual to send and receive electronic documents as faxes • Multifunction Devices (MFD): • A single piece of equipment that looks like a copy machine but is also a printer • Multifunctional Peripherals (MFPs), a.k.a. all-in-one devices, vary widely in function * Information was gathered from Discovering Computers 2003 by Shelly Cashman Vermaat

22. Terminal: • Definition: • A device that performs both input and output because it consists of a monitor, keyboard and video card, which is also called a graphics card because it converts digital output from the computer into an analog video signal • There are three categories of terminals: • Dumb terminals • Intelligent terminals • Special-purpose terminals * Information was gathered from Discovering Computers 2003 by Shelly Cashman Vermaat

23. Terminals Continued… • Dumb terminal: • No processing power; thus, not an independent device • Intelligent terminal a.k.a. programmable: • This contains both memory and a processor in addition to the monitor and keyboard • Can perform some functions independent of the host computer • Special-purpose terminal: • Perform specific tasks and contain features for a particular industry * Information was gathered from Discovering Computers 2003 by Shelly Cashman Vermaat

24. Terminals Continued… • Special-purpose terminal: • Point-of-sale (POS) terminal records purchases • Automated teller machine (ATM) is a self-serving banking machine that connects to a host computer through a network • Personal Identification (PIN) allows an individual to access of his or her savings account. * Information was gathered from Discovering Computers 2003 by Shelly Cashman Vermaat

25. Output Devices for Physically Challenged Users • Size of color of the text can be changed for the challenged • The blind can utilize the voice output • Braille Printer • Outputs information in Braille * Information was gathered from Discovering Computers 2003 by Shelly Cashman Vermaat

26. Conclusion: • Data, unprocessed facts, is organized into information that can be broken down into input and output. • The data can be further broken down into more specific parts ranging from projectors to multifunctional devices and so on. * Information was gathered from Discovering Computers 2003 by Shelly Cashman Vermaat

27. THE END * Information was gathered from Discovering Computers 2003 by Shelly Cashman Vermaat