1. Taiwan Linguistic Summer Institute2008, July 11, Friday Narrative and Discourse Analysis III Day 3 Michael Bamberg Ph.D. Dept of Psychology Clark University mbamberg@clarku.edu

2. Narrative and Discourse Analysis III Overview: • Narrative Performance including • Visual Data (and the analysis thereof)  the BETTY=data • a • BIG STORIES • In the form of • SMALL STORY analysis

3. The Body--bodiescontextual embodiments • Overall Make-Up • dress, hair (shaved/beard), ring, tattoo… • Movement • body as whole; parts: head, legs, arms --- • Posture: standing, walking, sitting (mode of) • Gestures • arm, hand (fist), finger (movement) • Facial “expressions” • eye-gaze • direction, eye-movements (blinks, winks), changes • smile, frowning, lip-biting, tongue movement Always in full coor- dination with speech

4. posture Sitting • Legs crossed • Hands in lap • Hands ‘busy’ • Gaze downward • Arms resting on arms of chair Surroundings: -Vase - Paper/journals -etc.

5. gaze

6. The COORDINATION ofGesture and Gaze • Hand Gesture • Gaze • Gaze AND hand gesture

7. Gesture, posture + gaze • In coordination with referring to the same referent (a pink box with a dress in it) and the action of placing it on the top of the trunk of a car

8. Lip-biting • coordinated with gaze • followed and preceded by other facial expressions • COORDINATED WITH SPEECH

9. Twice-told Talesquestions to be raised: • How come//why the two versions differ? • What ARE the differences? • descriptive assessment • Do we actually have the same story? • What IS the story • what is it about (theme//topic//content) • why is it told (what is it that is being made relevant)? • relevant for audience (currently + in general)? • relevant for self of narrator (currently + in general)? • Sameness and Differences • How can we assess sameness + difference?

10. Let’s look for: • Differences in content/aboutness (theme) • Structural differences • Performance differences • delivery//style//body (gesture, gaze, facial expression) Positioning as cutting across these dimensions

11. in addition: • use of ‘reported’//‘constructed’ speechuse of ‘detail’ (micro-stuff) use of gesture, posture, gaze + facial expression (micro-expressions) verbs of knowing, remembering, linkages, vagueness, hedges,etc… (micro-expressions)

12. Show both CLIPS

13. about • a dress • buying and losing an expensive dress on the same day • Betty • Going from not pretty to pretty to not pretty (all in the same day) • symbolically//allegorically: about the transience/fleetingness of beauty, attraction & life

14. What is made relevant?Why is it shared//told? • entertainment • things that happened to me • lesson to be taught (about beauty/life) • lesson that I learnt • lesson that you may want to know (helpful) • things that I haven’t resolved

15. structurally • Six segments/episodes <spatial/temporal> • Setting (invitation to ball --- needs a dress) • Buying a dress (transformation into being pretty) • At the Italian family (acclamation; loading car) • Going to second family (loss of dress; discovery) • Search (unsuccessful - no resolution) • Conclusion (goes to ball - ‘regret’)

16. TABLE IV: Use of THERE, THIS and THAT in both Versions: Version A Version B • there 10 7 • this 8 1 • that 3 8

17. TABLE V: Use of SO and BECAUSE in both Versions: Version A Version B • and (and then) 88 (2) 78 • but 9 3 • so 14 5 • because/that’s why 5 10

18. TABLE VII: Commitments: thinking, knowing, remembering, ‘being vague’ or ‘certain’: Version A Version B • I knew 0 3 • I don’t know 1 6 • I didn’t know 1 1 • I think 4 4 • I mean 1 8 • I guess 1 5

19. Version A Version B • I remember 4 9 • because/that’s why 5 10 • really 3 11 • sort of 8 15 • kind of 4 7 • probably 0 3 • maybe 1 1 • you know 27 28 • suddenly* 3 3

20. use of ‘reported’ /constructed speechuse of ‘detail’use of gesture, posture, gaze + facial expression

21. Overall Conclusions What can we take away from this all?