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An exit route is a continuous, unobstructed and emergency path of exit which allows you to travel from any point within a workplace to a place of safety or a place out of working location.
An exit route consists of three parts namely Exit Access - the portion of a route that leads to an exit, Exit - the portion of a route that is generally separated from other areas to provide a protected path of travel to the exit discharge and Exit discharge - part of the route that leads directly outside the workplace or to a street, walkway, refuge area or open space with access to the final entrance for the campus.
How many routes a workplace must have? Normally, a workplace must have at least two exit routes or more than that to permit prompt and safe evacuation of employees and other building occupants inside the campus during an emergency.
However, if the number of employees, the size of the building, or arrangement of the workplace will not allow employees to evacuate safely in two exits alone, there is a need of more than two exits. Exit routes must be located as far away as possible from each other because in case if one is blocked by fire or smoke, the other should let people to go through without any problems.
Exception - If the number of employees, the size of the workplace or building and its number of occupants or arrangements of the workplace allow all the employees to evacuate safely during an emergency, then one exit route is permitted.
What are the other design and construction requirements for these exit routes? Exit routes must be the permanent part of the workplace and they must lead directly outside the workplace or to a street, walkway, refuge area, or open space with access to outside. The Exit area must be large enough to accommodate the employees and building occupants likely to use the route.
The openings must be protected by approved and self-closing fire doors that remains closed or automatically closes in an emergency. Side-hinged exit doors must be used to connect rooms to the exit routes and these doors must swing out in the direction of travel for safe exiting, as if the room is to be occupied by more than 50 people or it is a high-hazard area.
The exit routes must support the maximum permitted occupants for each floor served and the capacity of an exit route should not decrease in the direction of exit route travel till reaching the exit discharge. The ceilings of exit routes must be at least 7 feet and 6 inches high as it can help people to go through easily.
The exit routes must be separated by fire resistant materials, i.e., one-hour fire-resistance safety rating if the exit connects less than three stories and two-hour fire-resistance safety rating if the exit connects more than three floors. Generally exits are permitted to have only necessary openings to allow access to the exit route from occupied areas or to the exit discharge.
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